一流的科技隊(duì)伍與科技成果
中國(guó)科技工作者從20世紀(jì)50年代開(kāi)始對(duì)青藏高原局部地區(qū)開(kāi)展短期、小范圍的科學(xué)考察。20世紀(jì)70年代初至80年代末持續(xù)開(kāi)展了大規(guī)模的綜合科學(xué)考察，獲得了數(shù)百萬(wàn)字的第一手科學(xué)考察資料，出版了包括43部專著的《青藏高原科學(xué)考察叢書(shū)》，成為第一套青藏高原百科全書(shū)。早在1978年全國(guó)科學(xué)大會(huì)上，中國(guó)科學(xué)院青藏高原綜合科學(xué)考察隊(duì)就獲得國(guó)務(wù)院嘉獎(jiǎng)。“青藏高原隆起及其對(duì)自然環(huán)境與人類活動(dòng)影響的綜合研究”于1987年獲國(guó)家自然科學(xué)一等獎(jiǎng)。20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，結(jié)合青藏高原社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的需求，開(kāi)展了區(qū)域資源合理開(kāi)發(fā)、生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復(fù)與治理、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃等研究工作，并對(duì)青藏高原的形成演化、影響等科學(xué)問(wèn)題開(kāi)展了相關(guān)學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)研究。第二次青藏高原綜合科學(xué)考察研究將持續(xù)為高原生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供全面科技支撐，聚焦水、生態(tài)、人類活動(dòng)，著力解決青藏高原資源環(huán)境承載力、災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、綠色發(fā)展途徑等方面的問(wèn)題。
Top-notch researchers and sci-tech achievements
Chinese sci-tech workers started short-term, small-scale scientific studies on part of the Plateau in the 1950s. Large-scale and comprehensive investigation work was carried out from the early 1970s to the late 1980s, generating first-hand materials totaling several million Chinese characters. Based on the materials, quite a number of books, including 43 monographs, on the Plateau research were published, making up the first Qinghai-Tibet Plateau encyclopedia. The team under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was commended by the State Council at the commended 1978 National Conference on Science. Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s Rise and on Its Effects on Environment and Human Activities won the first prize of the 1987 National Award for Natural Science. Since the 1990s, to meet the needs of socio-economic development and environmental improvement on the Plateau, the Chinese government has launched research programs on the rational development of regional resources, ecological restoration and environmental governance, and planning for socio-economic development, and carried out systematic research in related subjects on the formation, evolution, and influence of the Plateau, and some other scientific issues. The second round of comprehensive investigation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will continue providing comprehensive sci-tech support for local ecological progress, with focus on water, ecology, and human activities, and with the goal of solving such problems as environmental carrying capacity, disaster risks, and approaches to green development.
60多年來(lái)，以中國(guó)科學(xué)院為主的科技隊(duì)伍在青藏高原基礎(chǔ)研究及應(yīng)用研究方面取得許多開(kāi)拓性科學(xué)成就。例如，劉東生院士在青藏高原隆起與東亞季風(fēng)變化研究的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了構(gòu)造－氣候科學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō)；葉篤正院士提出青藏高原在夏季是熱源的見(jiàn)解，開(kāi)拓了大地形熱力作用研究，創(chuàng)立了青藏高原氣象學(xué)。這些創(chuàng)新成果推動(dòng)了相關(guān)學(xué)科的發(fā)展，在區(qū)域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)中發(fā)揮了科技支撐作用。
目前，中國(guó)已擁有一支積累雄厚、學(xué)科配套、老中青相結(jié)合的從事青藏高原研究的科技隊(duì)伍，包括40多位中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士和中國(guó)工程院院士、100多名“千人計(jì)劃”和“萬(wàn)人計(jì)劃”入選者、國(guó)家杰出青年基金獲得者等領(lǐng)軍人才。其中，劉東生、葉篤正和吳征鎰分別榮獲2003、2005和2007年國(guó)家最高科學(xué)技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)，孫鴻烈榮獲2009年“艾托里·馬約拉納-伊利斯科學(xué)和平獎(jiǎng)”，姚檀棟榮獲2017年“瑞典人類學(xué)和地理學(xué)會(huì)維加獎(jiǎng)”，他們關(guān)于青藏高原的研究成就享譽(yù)國(guó)際。
Over the past 60 years or more, the sci-tech workers, with those from the CAS as mainstay, have made pioneering achievements in basic and applied research on the Plateau. For example, Academician Liu Dongsheng established the tectonics-climate theory based on his research on the Plateau’s rise and East Asian monsoon climate change; Academician Ye Duzheng proposed that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a thermal source in summer, and thus pioneered research on topography and thermodynamic activities and established the basics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau meteorology theory. These innovative achievements have driven related subjects forward, and played a supporting role in the region’s socio-economic development, infrastructure construction and environmental improvement.
China now boasts a sci-tech team engaged in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau research, with accumulated experience and expertise and supported by relevant subjects. The team has senior, middle-aged and young researchers, including more than 40 academicians of the CAS and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, more than 100 awardees of the Plan for Introducing Overseas High-level Talents (also called the Thousand Talents Plan) and the Special National Plan for High-level Talents (also called the 10,000 Talents Plan), and winners of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, and some other leading talent. Among them, Liu Dongsheng won the 2003 Highest Science and Technology Award of China, Ye Duzheng, the 2005 award, and Wu Zhengyi, the 2007 award; Sun Honglie won the Ettore Majorana-Erice Science for Peace Prize 2009; and Yao Tandong won the 2017 Vega Medal of Svenska S?llskapet f?r Antropologi och Geografi. These scientists are renowned around the world for their research achievements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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