科技支撐綠色發(fā)展
在青藏高原經濟社會和生態(tài)文明建設中，科技的支撐作用日益顯現(xiàn)。
青藏鐵路的建設和運營是科技創(chuàng)新引領綠色發(fā)展的標志性工程。青藏鐵路格爾木－拉薩段（格拉段）全長1142公里，工程建設面臨凍土消融、高寒缺氧、生態(tài)脆弱三大世界性工程難題。格拉段穿越連續(xù)多年凍土區(qū)546.4公里，基于大量觀測數(shù)據(jù)和科技成果，科技人員設計采用了以橋代路、片石通風路基、通風管路基、碎石和片石護坡、熱棒、保溫板、綜合防排水體系等措施，保障了鐵路修建。青藏鐵路穿越可可西里、三江源、色林錯等多個國家級自然保護區(qū)，為保護藏羚羊等野生動物的生存環(huán)境，鐵路全線建立了33處野生動物專用通道；為保護沿線生態(tài)環(huán)境，采取了沙害治理、植草綠化、草皮移植等一系列生態(tài)保護措施。青藏鐵路建成運營后，多年凍土保持穩(wěn)定，鐵路兩側生態(tài)得到持續(xù)恢復，局部區(qū)域已接近甚至優(yōu)于周邊自然狀態(tài)。青藏鐵路建設成就在國際上獲得高度評價。政府間氣候變化專業(yè)委員會（IPCC）第四次和第五次《氣候變化評估報告》認為，青藏鐵路為其他國家和地區(qū)建設適應于氣候變化的綠色鐵路提供了成功案例。美國《科學》雜志2007年4月27日刊文指出，青藏鐵路終將提升中國西部生態(tài)、社會、經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它不僅是一個鐵路工程，更是一個生態(tài)奇跡?！扒嗖罔F路工程”獲得2008年度國家科技進步獎特等獎。
Sci-tech-supported green development
Sci-tech is playing a more obvious supporting role in socio-economic development and ecological progress on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a landmark project, demonstrating the guidance given by sci-tech innovation to green development. The Golmud-Lhasa section extends 1,142 km, and construction workers were confronted with three extreme engineering problems: melting permafrost, hypoxia at high altitude, and a vulnerable ecology. As the section runs through permafrost regions for almost 546.4 km, sci-tech personnel designed and adopted such measures as replacing surface routes with viaducts, rubble ventilated embankments, ventiduct roadbeds, gravel and rubble revetments, heat conducting poles, insulation boards, and integrated waterproof and drainage systems. These were based on a great volume of observation data and previous technological achievements, ensuring the successful completion of this section. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway also runs through some national nature reserves, including Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan and Siling Co. To protect the living environment of Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals, 33 special passageways were added along the railway; to protect the ecological environment, a series of measures were taken, including sand hazard control, grass planting, and turf transplanting. Since the railway was brought into operation, the permafrost has been stable, and the ecology along the line is recovering, with some areas approaching or even surpassing the level of their surroundings. The achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have earned international acclaim. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its fourth and fifth assessment reports, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway offers a successful example for other countries and regions in building “green” railways adapted to climate change. Science magazine in the United States published an article on April 27, 2007, pointing out that the railway will “ultimately promote the sustainable ecological, social, and economic development of western China”, describing it as not only an engineering accomplishment, but also “an ecological miracle”. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project won the special award of the 2008 National Award for Scientific and Technological Progress.
在三江源區(qū)退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的治理過程中，科學技術發(fā)揮了強有力的支撐作用。三江源“黑土灘”草地恢復技術體系，使“黑土灘”治理取得突破，相關科技成果獲國家科技進步獎二等獎。牧草品種的原種籽栽培技術，為典型退化草地治理和人工種草提供了優(yōu)質草種。
藏醫(yī)藥是維護高原人民健康的寶貴財富，也是青藏高原發(fā)展特色經濟的重大優(yōu)勢資源。為促進藏醫(yī)藥標準化、現(xiàn)代化和產業(yè)化發(fā)展，科技部門大力推動藏藥材人工種植及野生撫育等關鍵技術研究與示范，積極開展藏醫(yī)藥基礎及應用研究，不斷完善藏醫(yī)藥標準和檢驗監(jiān)測體系。在疾病防治、藥物研發(fā)、養(yǎng)生保健等領域培育了一批創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)，打造了一系列藏藥品牌產品。
Sci-tech has played a strong supporting role in controlling the ecosystem degradation of the Sanjiangyuan region. A technical system for restoring degraded alpine meadows (Heitutan, or black soil land) has achieved big breakthroughs in relevant researches, and the achievements won a Class-II prize in the National Award for Scientific and Technological Progress. A technique for cultivating breeder seeds of forage grass has provided high-quality seeds for controlling typical degraded pastures and artificial grass planting.
Traditional Tibetan medicine is a precious health treasure for people living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and a major resource strength for the Plateau to develop a local specialty economy. To develop Tibetan medicine in a standard, modern and industrialized way, sci-tech departments have promoted research on and demonstration of key techniques, such as artificial planting and wild tending of Tibetan medicinal materials. They have carried out basic and applied research on Tibetan medicine, and kept improving the standards and the inspection and monitoring system of Tibetan medicine. They have fostered a group of innovative enterprises in prevention and treatment of diseases, research and development of drugs, and health preservation, and created a series of branded Tibetan medicine products.
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