青藏高原多條大江大河流經(jīng)高山峽谷，蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的水能資源。西藏水能資源技術(shù)可開發(fā)量為1.74億千瓦，位居全國第一，近年來建成了多布、金河、直孔等中型水電站，至2017年年底，全區(qū)水電裝機(jī)容量達(dá)到177萬千瓦，占全區(qū)總裝機(jī)容量的56.54%。青海水能資源技術(shù)可開發(fā)量為2400萬千瓦，建成了龍羊峽、拉西瓦、李家峽等一批大型水電工程，至2016年年底，青海省水電裝機(jī)容量達(dá)1192萬千瓦。四川省甘孜州和阿壩州水能技術(shù)可開發(fā)量約5663萬千瓦，已建成水電總裝機(jī)容量達(dá)1708萬千瓦。
青藏高原是世界上太陽能最豐富的地區(qū)之一，年太陽總輻射量高達(dá)5400－8000兆焦/平方米，比同緯度低海拔地區(qū)高50%－100%。青海省在柴達(dá)木盆地實(shí)施數(shù)個(gè)百萬千瓦級(jí)光伏電站群建設(shè)工程，打造國際最大規(guī)模的光伏電站。至2016年年底，青海光伏發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量達(dá)682萬千瓦。2014年，西藏被國家列為不受光伏發(fā)電建設(shè)規(guī)模限制的地區(qū)，優(yōu)先支持西藏開發(fā)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目。到2017年年底，西藏光伏發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量達(dá)79萬千瓦。四川省甘孜州和阿壩州太陽能可開發(fā)量超過2000萬千瓦，已建成投產(chǎn)35萬千瓦光伏電站。
On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, many big rivers, running through high mountains and canyons, boast significant potential for hydropower development. Tibet leads the country with 174 million kW of potential hydropower. In recent years, Tibet has built three medium-scale hydropower stations, i.e., Duobu, Jinhe and Drigung. By the end of 2017, Tibet’s installed hydropower capacity was 1.77 million kW, accounting for 56.54 percent of the region’s total installed capacity.
With 24 million kW of exploitable hydropower resources, Qinghai Province has built three large hydropower projects, i.e., Longyang Gorge, Laxiwa, and Lijia Gorge. By the end of 2016, Qinghai’s installed hydropower capacity was 11.92 million kW.
Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture boast 56.63 million kW of exploitable hydropower, and 17.08 million kW of installed capacity in completed hydropower stations.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area is a world-leading source of solar energy, with 5,400-8,000MJ per sq m of annual total solar radiation, 50-100 percent higher than low-elevation areas on the same latitude. Qinghai Province has launched several photovoltaic (PV) power station projects in the Qaidam Basin, each with a capacity of at least one million kW, and is planning to build the world’s largest PV power station. By the end of 2016, Qinghai’s installed PV capacity had reached 6.82 million kW.
In 2014, Tibet received approval from the state to develop PV power stations without limit in scale of construction and enjoying priority state support. By the end of 2017, Tibet’s installed PV capacity was 790,000 kW.
Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture have more than 20 million kW of exploitable solar energy, and PV power stations with a total capacity of 350,000 kW are in service.
旅游業(yè)助力綠色發(fā)展
青藏高原獨(dú)特的自然與人文景觀，為旅游業(yè)發(fā)展提供了豐富資源。旅游發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了餐飲、住宿、交通、文化娛樂等產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、傳統(tǒng)手藝傳承和特色產(chǎn)品開發(fā)。旅游業(yè)已成為青藏高原實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色增長和農(nóng)牧民增收致富的重要途徑。
Tourism boosts green development.
The unique natural and cultural landscape on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provides rich potential for tourism, encouraging the catering, accommodation, transport, culture, and entertainment sectors, and protecting cultural heritage and the survival of traditional crafts, and the development of characteristic products. Tourism has become an important channel for green growth and higher incomes for farmers and herdsmen.
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