生態(tài)退化得到有效控制
高寒草地是青藏高原最主要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型，發(fā)揮著重要的生態(tài)安全屏障功能，也是高原畜牧業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)。由于氣候變化和超載過(guò)牧等原因，高寒草地不斷退化，至20世紀(jì)80年代中期，西藏自治區(qū)和青海省的草地面積為82萬(wàn)平方公里。此后，隨著退牧還草、草原生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策以及草原鼠蟲(chóng)害防治等一系列草地生態(tài)保護(hù)建設(shè)工程的陸續(xù)實(shí)施，青藏高原草地保育成效逐步顯現(xiàn)。研究表明，1982－2009年，青藏高原草地覆蓋度和凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力總體呈增加態(tài)勢(shì)，草地覆蓋度增加的區(qū)域約占草地總面積的47%，凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力明顯增加的面積達(dá)32%以上。近十年來(lái)，草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定向好。
Ecological degradation is under control.
Alpine grassland is a major ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, playing an important role as an eco-safety barrier, and serving as the basis of highland animal husbandry. Climate change, overgrazing and some other reasons caused continuous degradation of alpine grasslands. By the mid-1980s, the grassland area in Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province had been reduced to 820,000 sq km in total. Later, due to the implementation by the government of such policies as issuance of allowances for restoring grazing land to grassland and protecting the grassland ecosystem, and the undertaking of a number of grassland ecological conservation projects, such as pest and rodent prevention and control, progress was made in grassland ecosystem conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to research, from 1982 to 2009 the grassland coverage rate of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its net primary productivity (NPP) showed an overall increase, with newly-added grassland coverage accounting for 47 percent of the total, and the area with a dramatic NPP increase reaching more than 32 percent of the total. In the recent decade, the local grassland ecosystem has maintained steady and positive improvement.
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