科技支撐綠色發(fā)展
在青藏高原經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)中，科技的支撐作用日益顯現(xiàn)。
青藏鐵路的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)是科技創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)綠色發(fā)展的標(biāo)志性工程。青藏鐵路格爾木－拉薩段（格拉段）全長(zhǎng)1142公里，工程建設(shè)面臨凍土消融、高寒缺氧、生態(tài)脆弱三大世界性工程難題。格拉段穿越連續(xù)多年凍土區(qū)546.4公里，基于大量觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和科技成果，科技人員設(shè)計(jì)采用了以橋代路、片石通風(fēng)路基、通風(fēng)管路基、碎石和片石護(hù)坡、熱棒、保溫板、綜合防排水體系等措施，保障了鐵路修建。青藏鐵路穿越可可西里、三江源、色林錯(cuò)等多個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，為保護(hù)藏羚羊等野生動(dòng)物的生存環(huán)境，鐵路全線建立了33處野生動(dòng)物專(zhuān)用通道；為保護(hù)沿線生態(tài)環(huán)境，采取了沙害治理、植草綠化、草皮移植等一系列生態(tài)保護(hù)措施。青藏鐵路建成運(yùn)營(yíng)后，多年凍土保持穩(wěn)定，鐵路兩側(cè)生態(tài)得到持續(xù)恢復(fù)，局部區(qū)域已接近甚至優(yōu)于周邊自然狀態(tài)。青藏鐵路建設(shè)成就在國(guó)際上獲得高度評(píng)價(jià)。政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)業(yè)委員會(huì)（IPCC）第四次和第五次《氣候變化評(píng)估報(bào)告》認(rèn)為，青藏鐵路為其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)建設(shè)適應(yīng)于氣候變化的綠色鐵路提供了成功案例。美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志2007年4月27日刊文指出，青藏鐵路終將提升中國(guó)西部生態(tài)、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它不僅是一個(gè)鐵路工程，更是一個(gè)生態(tài)奇跡?！扒嗖罔F路工程”獲得2008年度國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步獎(jiǎng)特等獎(jiǎng)。
Sci-tech-supported green development
Sci-tech is playing a more obvious supporting role in socio-economic development and ecological progress on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a landmark project, demonstrating the guidance given by sci-tech innovation to green development. The Golmud-Lhasa section extends 1,142 km, and construction workers were confronted with three extreme engineering problems: melting permafrost, hypoxia at high altitude, and a vulnerable ecology. As the section runs through permafrost regions for almost 546.4 km, sci-tech personnel designed and adopted such measures as replacing surface routes with viaducts, rubble ventilated embankments, ventiduct roadbeds, gravel and rubble revetments, heat conducting poles, insulation boards, and integrated waterproof and drainage systems. These were based on a great volume of observation data and previous technological achievements, ensuring the successful completion of this section. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway also runs through some national nature reserves, including Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan and Siling Co. To protect the living environment of Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals, 33 special passageways were added along the railway; to protect the ecological environment, a series of measures were taken, including sand hazard control, grass planting, and turf transplanting. Since the railway was brought into operation, the permafrost has been stable, and the ecology along the line is recovering, with some areas approaching or even surpassing the level of their surroundings. The achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have earned international acclaim. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its fourth and fifth assessment reports, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway offers a successful example for other countries and regions in building “green” railways adapted to climate change. Science magazine in the United States published an article on April 27, 2007, pointing out that the railway will “ultimately promote the sustainable ecological, social, and economic development of western China”, describing it as not only an engineering accomplishment, but also “an ecological miracle”. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project won the special award of the 2008 National Award for Scientific and Technological Progress.
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