改善生物棲息地是生物多樣性保護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)，青藏高原植被改善在整體上提升了野生動(dòng)物棲息地環(huán)境質(zhì)量。1998－2009年，西藏珠穆朗瑪峰國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)核心區(qū)植被明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。2005年以來，三江源自然保護(hù)區(qū)荒漠化得到遏制，濕地面積增加，植被生態(tài)狀況改善，野生動(dòng)物棲息地破碎化趨勢減緩且完整性逐步提高，生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。尕海－則岔國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的尕海湖面積由2003年的480公頃增加到2013年的2354公頃，且近年來基本保持在2000公頃，水域面積增加促進(jìn)了水禽類的繁衍生息。
重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程初見成效
Improvement of the wildlife habitats is the basis for protecting biodiversity. The improvement of vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has improved the environmental quality of local wildlife habitats. From 1998 to 2009, marked improvement had been observed in the vegetation of core areas of the Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve in Tibet Autonomous Region. Since 2005, at the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province, desertification has been contained, the area of wetlands has been increased, vegetation has improved, wildlife habitat fragmentation has been slowed, and the eco-environment has notably improved. In the Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province, the area of the Gahai Lake increased from 480 ha in 2003 to 2,354 ha in 2013, and has maintained a coverage in excess of 2,000 ha in recent years; this increase in the water surface area has helped water fowl to survive and multiply.
Key eco-projects have produced preliminary results.
2009年，國家批準(zhǔn)《西藏生態(tài)安全屏障保護(hù)與建設(shè)規(guī)劃（2008－2030年）》，在西藏實(shí)施保護(hù)、建設(shè)和支撐保障三大類10項(xiàng)工程，截至2017年年底已累計(jì)投入96億元。一期工程（2008－2014年）初步建成西藏生態(tài)工程的主體框架，部分重點(diǎn)工程已取得明顯的生態(tài)環(huán)境效益，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能逐步提升，生態(tài)屏障功能穩(wěn)定向好。
2005年，國家啟動(dòng)三江源自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)保護(hù)與建設(shè)工程，截至2017年年底已累計(jì)投入80億元。2013年完成一期工程，草地退化趨勢得到初步遏制，水體與濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)整體恢復(fù)，水源涵養(yǎng)和流域水供給能力提高。與2004年相比，長江、黃河、瀾滄江三大江河年均向下游多輸出58億立方米的優(yōu)質(zhì)水，為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展提供了有力支撐。
In 2009, the state approved the Plan for the Protection and Construction of the Eco-safety Barrier in Tibet (2008-2030). By the end of 2017, 10 projects concerning ecological conservation, construction, and support had been implemented, with a total investment of RMB9.6 billion. The first-stage project (2008-2014) completed the framework of Tibet’s eco-projects; several key projects have begun to yield notable ecological effects; local ecosystem service functions improved steadily; and the functions of the ecological barrier remained stable and showed continuous improvement.
In 2005, China launched a project for the ecological conservation and construction of Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve; by the end of 2017, the total investment amounted to RMB8 billion. By the end of the first-stage of the project in 2013, grassland degradation had been contained; water and wetland ecosystems had been restored; and water conservation and water supply capacity in river basins had improved. Compared with 2004, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River provided their lower reaches with additional 5.8 billion cu m of quality water annually on the average – a forceful support for regional social and economic development.
三、環(huán)境質(zhì)量持續(xù)穩(wěn)定
國家及地方政府在流域綜合治理、農(nóng)村與城鎮(zhèn)人居環(huán)境改善、工礦污染防控等方面實(shí)施了一系列的環(huán)境保護(hù)工程。青藏高原環(huán)境質(zhì)量及人居環(huán)境持續(xù)向好。
水環(huán)境質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定良好
III. Steady Improvement of Environmental Quality
The central and local governments have carried out a number of environmental protection projects for comprehensive improvement of river basins, improvement of urban and rural living conditions, and prevention and control of pollution from factories and mines. As a result, the environmental quality and living conditions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have steadily turned better.
Quality of the water environment has kept improving.
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