青藏高原是全球生物多樣性最豐富的地區(qū)之一，羌塘－三江源、岷山－橫斷山北段、喜馬拉雅東南部和橫斷山南段等區(qū)域是我國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)優(yōu)先區(qū)域。高原特有種子植物3760余種，特有脊椎動(dòng)物280余種，珍稀瀕危高等植物300余種，珍稀瀕危動(dòng)物120余種。已建立的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，有效保護(hù)了青藏高原特有與珍稀瀕危的動(dòng)植物及其生存環(huán)境。
珍稀瀕危物種種群的恢復(fù)與擴(kuò)大是生物多樣性保護(hù)成效的明顯標(biāo)志。研究表明，青藏高原黑頸鶴、藏羚羊、普氏原羚、野牦牛、馬鹿、滇金絲猴等的個(gè)體數(shù)量正在穩(wěn)步增加。雅魯藏布江中游河谷黑頸鶴國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)建立以來，到此越冬的黑頸鶴逐年增加，約占全球黑頸鶴數(shù)量的80%，已成為全球最大的黑頸鶴越冬地。羌塘高原藏羚羊個(gè)體數(shù)量從2000年的6萬多只恢復(fù)到2016年的20萬只以上，野牦牛個(gè)體數(shù)量由保護(hù)前的6000多頭恢復(fù)到2016年的10000多頭。白馬雪山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)滇金絲猴個(gè)體數(shù)量由保護(hù)區(qū)建立前的約2000只恢復(fù)到2014年的約2500只。此外，在一些地方還發(fā)現(xiàn)新的珍稀瀕危物種。國(guó)際上認(rèn)為早已滅絕的西藏馬鹿，1995年在西藏自治區(qū)桑日縣被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)，且個(gè)體數(shù)量不斷擴(kuò)大。高黎貢山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)極度瀕危物種怒江金絲猴。尕海－則岔國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)到黑頭噪鴉等。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the richest biodiversity in the world. The Qiangtang-Sanjiangyuan area, the area extending from the Minshan Mountain to the northern range of Hengduan Mountains, the area southeast of the Himalayas, and the southern range of Hengduan Mountains are key biodiversity conservation zones in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has about 3,760 distinctive spermatophyte species, 280 distinctive vertebrate species, 300 rare and endangered species of higher plants, and 120 species of rare and endangered animals. The nature reserves established have effectively protected the rare and endangered wildlife unique to the Plateau as well as their habitats.
The restoration and expansion of rare and endangered species is obvious evidence of success in biodiversity conservation. According to research, the numbers of black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis), Tibetan antelope (Pantholopshodgsonii), Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapraprze walskii), wild yak (Bosmutus), red deer (Cervuselaphus), and Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopi thecusbieti), have increased steadily. Since the establishment of the Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve on the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet Autonomous Region in 1993, the number of overwintering black-necked crane has increased year by year, accounting for 80 percent of the world’s total, and the nature reserve has become the world’s largest wintering ground for black-necked cranes. The number of Tibetan antelope on the Qiangtang Plateau in Tibet Autonomous Region increased from about 60,000 in 2000 to over 200,000 in 2016. And the number of wild yak in this area increased from 6,000 before it was included for protection to 10,000 in 2016. At the Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, the number of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys increased from about 2,000 in 1988, when the nature reserve was established, to about 2,500 in 2014. Additionally, new populations of rare and endangered species have been found at several localities. The Tibet red deer, which had been considered extinct, was rediscovered in Sangri County, Tibetan Autonomous Region in 1995, and its number is increasing. The Burmese snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopith ecusstrykeri), one of the most endangered species, was found at the Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province. The Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans) was found at the Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province.
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