（六）航天測(cè)控

    完善了地面測(cè)控站和遠(yuǎn)洋測(cè)量船，建立了由4個(gè)觀測(cè)站和1個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)處理中心組成的甚長(zhǎng)基線干涉測(cè)量網(wǎng)，初步具備了天基測(cè)控能力，基本建成天地一體、設(shè)備齊全、任務(wù)多樣的航天測(cè)控網(wǎng)。目前，中國(guó)航天測(cè)控網(wǎng)正在逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)由陸基向天基、由地球空間測(cè)控向深空測(cè)控的拓展，不僅能滿足衛(wèi)星測(cè)控需求，還能為載人航天和深空探測(cè)等任務(wù)提供測(cè)控支持。

    （七）空間應(yīng)用

6. Space Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C)

China has improved its TT&C ground stations and ships, and has established a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) network comprising four observation stations and a data processing center, indicating that China has acquired space-based TT&C capabilities; it has also established a multi-functioning TT&C network featuring space and ground integration, complete sets of equipment and ability to complete various tasks. At present, China's TT&C network is expanding from the ground to space, and from geospace TT&C to deep-space TT&C. The network is able to not only satisfy satellite TT&C demands, but also support human spaceflight and deep-space exploration.

7. Space Applications

    1.對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用。對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域和規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，業(yè)務(wù)服務(wù)能力不斷提升，初步形成對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用體系。新建4個(gè)衛(wèi)星地面接收站，提高了氣象、海洋、陸地觀測(cè)等衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的地面接收能力；統(tǒng)籌建設(shè)對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星地面數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，提升了數(shù)據(jù)集中處理、存檔、分發(fā)和服務(wù)能力；新建衛(wèi)星環(huán)境應(yīng)用中心、衛(wèi)星減災(zāi)應(yīng)用中心和衛(wèi)星測(cè)繪應(yīng)用中心等對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用機(jī)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)了對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的推廣應(yīng)用；加強(qiáng)遙感衛(wèi)星輻射校正場(chǎng)的定標(biāo)服務(wù)，提高了對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星的定量應(yīng)用水平。

    目前，對(duì)地觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展各領(lǐng)域?！帮L(fēng)云”衛(wèi)星系列實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)、雨澇、森林與草原火災(zāi)、干旱、沙塵暴等災(zāi)害的有效監(jiān)測(cè)，氣象預(yù)報(bào)和氣候變化監(jiān)測(cè)能力明顯提升?！昂Ｑ蟆毙l(wèi)星系列實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)中國(guó)海域和全球重點(diǎn)海域的監(jiān)測(cè)和應(yīng)用，對(duì)海冰、海溫、風(fēng)場(chǎng)等的預(yù)報(bào)精度和災(zāi)害性海況的監(jiān)測(cè)時(shí)效顯著提高?！百Y源”衛(wèi)星系列在土地、地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、水利等資源及地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查、監(jiān)測(cè)與管理和城市規(guī)劃中發(fā)揮了重要作用?！斑b感”、“天繪”衛(wèi)星系列在科學(xué)試驗(yàn)、國(guó)土資源普查、地圖測(cè)繪等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了重大作用。“環(huán)境與災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)小衛(wèi)星星座”為地表水質(zhì)與大氣環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、重大環(huán)境污染事件處置以及重大自然災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估與救援提供了重要的技術(shù)支撐。

1) Applications of Earth observation satellites

The fields and scope in which Earth observation satellites are used have been constantly expanding; these satellites' capabilities in providing business services have also been growing and an Earth observation satellite application system has initially taken shape. China has built four new satellite data-receiving stations, enhancing its ability to receive data from meteorological, ocean and land observation satellites. China has also established, based on comprehensive planning, the ground data processing system for Earth observation satellites, extending its ability in centralized data processing, data archiving, data distribution and services provision. China has established centers for environmental satellite application, satellite disaster-relief application, satellite mapping application and other application institutes for Earth observation satellites, promoting the spread and utility of Earth observation satellite data. China has improved calibration services of remote-sensing satellite radiation calibration fields, enhancing the quantitative application level of Earth observation satellites.

Today, Earth observation satellite data has been widely used in various fields for economic and social development. Fengyun satellites have effectively monitored typhoons, floods, forest and grassland fires, droughts, sandstorms and other natural disasters; their weather forecasting and climate change monitoring capabilities have also been enhanced remarkably. The ocean satellite series have monitored China's maritime territory and the world's key waters, and their forecasting accuracy for sea ice, ocean temperatures and wind fields have increased greatly, and their time efficiency in monitoring dangerous sea conditions has also been notably enhanced. The resource satellite series have played an important role in efforts to investigate, monitor and manage the resources of land, minerals, agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy, as well as geological disasters and city planning. Remote-sensing and Tianhui satellites have played an important role in scientific experiments, land censuses, mapping and other fields. The small satellites for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting have provided critical technical support for surface water quality and atmospheric environmental monitoring, major pollution events addressing, and major natural disaster monitoring, assessment and relief.