美國國際貿易委員會的統(tǒng)計數據顯示，截至2018年7月17日，美國仍在生效的反傾銷和反補貼措施共有44項（圖11），其中58%是2008年金融危機以來新采取的“雙反”措施，主要針對中國、歐盟和日本。

　　圖表：圖11：2008年以來美國采取的反傾銷和反補貼措施數目 新華社發(fā)

　　在反傾銷調查中，美國拒不履行《中國加入世貿組織議定書》第15條約定的義務，繼續(xù)依據其國內法，對中國適用“替代國”做法。根據美國國會問責局的測算，被認定為市場經濟的國家所適用的反傾銷稅率明顯低于非市場經濟國家。一般來說，美國對中國的反傾銷稅平均稅率是98%，而對市場經濟國家的平均稅率為37%。2018年以來，美國作出18項涉及中國產品的裁決，其中14項稅率都在100%以上。此外，美國在替代國的選擇上也具有較大隨意性。中國出口商在美國的傾銷調查中受到嚴重不公正和歧視性對待。

According to the United States International Trade Commission, by July 17, 2018 there were 44 anti-dumping and countervailing measures in effect in the US (Chart 11), among which 58 percent were adopted after the 2008 financial crisis, with China, the EU and Japan as the main targets. 

Chart 11: Number of US Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures Since 2008

 Source: United States International Trade Commission

In anti-dumping investigations, the US has refused to honor its obligation under Article 15 of China’s WTO Accession Protocol and continued to use the surrogate-country approach, citing its domestic law. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) of the US Congress calculated that the rates of anti-dumping duties applied to countries recognized as market economies are notably lower than those applied to non-market economies (NMEs). The average anti-dumping duty imposed by the US on China is 98 percent, while that on market economies is 37 percent.  Among the 18 US rulings concerning Chinese products since the start of 2018, 14 had rates of more than 100 percent. Moreover, the US picks surrogate countries rather randomly,  making the results of anti-dumping investigations highly unfair and discriminatory for Chinese exporters. 

　　四、美國政府的貿易霸凌主義行為

　　美國作為二戰(zhàn)結束后國際經濟秩序和多邊貿易體制的主要建立者和參與者，本應帶頭遵守多邊貿易規(guī)則，在世界貿易組織框架下通過爭端解決機制妥善處理與其他成員國之間的貿易摩擦，這也是美國政府曾經向國際社會作出的明確承諾。但是，美國新政府上任以來，片面強調“美國優(yōu)先”，奉行單邊主義和經濟霸權主義，背棄國際承諾，四面出擊挑起國際貿易摩擦，不僅損害了中國和其他國家利益，更損害了美國自身國際形象，動搖了全球多邊貿易體制根基，最終必將損害美國長遠利益。

IV. The trade bullyism practices of the US administration

As the key builder of the international economic order and a major participant in the multilateral trading regime after the Second World War, the US should have taken the lead in observing multilateral trade rules and properly handling trade frictions with other WTO members through the dispute settlement system within the WTO framework. This is what the US government explicitly pledged to the international community. However, since taking office, with a narrow focus on “America First”, the new US administration has practiced unilateralism and economic hegemony, abandoned its international commitments, and provoked international trade friction around the world. This has not only undermined the interests of China and other countries, but also jeopardized the international reputation of the US itself. And above all, it has shaken the foundations of the global multilateral trading regime, which will ultimately hurt the long-term interests of the US.