美國(guó)商會(huì)指出，貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將導(dǎo)致美國(guó)相關(guān)州利益受損，得克薩斯州39億美元的出口產(chǎn)品、南卡羅來(lái)納州30億美元的出口產(chǎn)品以及田納西州14億美元的出口產(chǎn)品或受到報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅打擊。美國(guó)消費(fèi)者選擇研究中心稱，美國(guó)政府實(shí)際上在用關(guān)稅“懲罰”其選民，依賴出口的北卡羅來(lái)納州超過(guò)15萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位、南卡羅來(lái)納州6500名工人將受到報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅的直接影響。美國(guó)知名摩托車制造企業(yè)哈雷公司評(píng)估，歐盟的報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅措施將導(dǎo)致每輛銷往歐洲的摩托車成本增加2200美元，會(huì)在2018年內(nèi)給公司造成3000萬(wàn)至4500萬(wàn)美元的損失。為應(yīng)對(duì)這一不利局面，哈雷公司已表示計(jì)劃將部分摩托車制造產(chǎn)能轉(zhuǎn)移出美國(guó)。
The US Chamber of Commerce has pointed out that a trade war will hit some American states. For example, Texas could see US$3.9 billion worth of exports targeted by retaliatory tariffs; South Carolina, US$3 billion and Tennessee, US$1.4 billion. The Consumer Choice Center stated that the US government is actually “punishing” American voters with the tariffs it introduced, as over 150,000 jobs in North Carolina and 6,500 workers in South Carolina, both being heavily export-dependent states, will be directly affected by the retaliatory duties. Harley-Davidson Inc., a famous American motorcycle maker, estimated that the EU’s retaliation will cost about US$2,200 per motorcycle shipped to Europe, forecasting US$30 million to US$45 million in costs linked to the EU tariffs for the remainder of 2018. As a response, the company is shifting the production of some bikes overseas.
影響投資者對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的信心，導(dǎo)致外國(guó)直接投資凈流入降低。不斷升級(jí)的經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦使企業(yè)信心不穩(wěn)，在投資上持觀望態(tài)度。彼得森國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所所長(zhǎng)亞當(dāng)·波森指出，美國(guó)政府的“經(jīng)濟(jì)民族主義”政策不僅使美國(guó)在貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域付出了代價(jià)，在投資領(lǐng)域引發(fā)的消極后果也開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn)。近期，美國(guó)及外國(guó)跨國(guó)公司在美投資數(shù)量幾乎為零，企業(yè)投資方向轉(zhuǎn)變將影響美國(guó)的長(zhǎng)期收入增長(zhǎng)和高收入就業(yè)崗位，并使全球企業(yè)加速遠(yuǎn)離美國(guó)。根據(jù)美國(guó)商務(wù)部經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，2016年和2017年第一季度，美國(guó)外國(guó)直接投資流入額分別為1465億美元和897億美元，而2018年同期已降至513億美元。這一變化是美國(guó)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期投資吸引力下降的結(jié)果。
It erodes investors’ confidence in the American economic environment and results in less net foreign direct investment (FDI) into the United States. As the trade friction escalates, companies feel less confident and more hesitant about investment. Adam S. Posen, President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, argued that beyond the cost of the trade war, the US government’s policy of “economic nationalism” has taken a toll in another important sphere: net inward investment into the US by multinational corporations – both foreign and American – has fallen almost to zero. This shift of corporate investment away from the US will decrease long-term US income growth, reduce the number of well-paid jobs available, and accelerate the shift of global commerce away from the US. Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Commerce show that in the first quarters of 2016 and 2017, the total net FDI inflow was US$146.5 billion and US$89.7 billion. For the same quarter in 2018, the figure was down to US$51.3 billion. This is a result of a general decline in the US attractiveness as a place to make long-term business commitments.
六、中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)
經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是大勢(shì)所趨，和平與發(fā)展是民心所向。把困擾世界的問(wèn)題、影響本國(guó)發(fā)展的矛盾簡(jiǎn)單歸咎于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，搞貿(mào)易和投資保護(hù)主義，企圖讓世界經(jīng)濟(jì)退回到孤立的舊時(shí)代，不符合歷史潮流。中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系事關(guān)兩國(guó)人民福祉，也關(guān)乎世界和平、繁榮、穩(wěn)定。對(duì)中美兩國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，合作是唯一正確的選擇，共贏才能通向更好的未來(lái)。中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)是明確的、一貫的、堅(jiān)定的。
VI. China’s position
Economic globalization is the trend of the times, and peace and development represent the shared aspiration of all peoples. It therefore runs counter to the historical trend when one simply blames economic globalization for the problems in today’s world and one’s domestic development, and attempts to bring the global economy back to the old days of isolation by pursuing trade and investment protectionism. China-US economic and trade ties concern not only the well-being of the peoples of the two countries, but also world peace, prosperity and stability. Cooperation is the only correct option for China and the US, and only a win-win approach will lead to a better future. China’s position is clear, consistent and firm.
上一篇：《關(guān)于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦的事實(shí)與中方立場(chǎng)》白皮書(shū) （中英對(duì)照全文）IX
下一篇：《關(guān)于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦的事實(shí)與中方立場(chǎng)》白皮書(shū) （中英對(duì)照全文）VII
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