?。ㄈ_擊全球價值鏈
當(dāng)前，全球經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)深度一體化，各國充分發(fā)揮各自在技術(shù)、勞動力、資本等方面的比較優(yōu)勢，在全球經(jīng)濟中分工合作，形成運轉(zhuǎn)高效的全球價值鏈，共同分享價值鏈創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟全球化紅利。尤其是以跨國公司為代表的各國企業(yè)通過在全球范圍內(nèi)配置資源，最大限度降低了生產(chǎn)成本，提高了產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量，實現(xiàn)了企業(yè)之間、企業(yè)與消費者之間的共贏。
3. Impact on the global value chain
In a deeply integrated global economy, countries form a highly efficient global value chain and share in the dividends of economic globalization through division of labor by harnessing their respective strengths in technology, labor and capital. Companies, especially multinational ones, minimize their production costs and raise the quality of their products and services through global allocation of resources, thus achieving a win-win result for themselves and for consumers.
美國政府通過加征關(guān)稅、高筑貿(mào)易壁壘等手段在世界范圍內(nèi)挑起貿(mào)易摩擦，以貼“賣國標簽”、威脅加稅等方式要求美資跨國公司回流美國，將嚴重破壞甚至割裂全球價值鏈，沖擊全球范圍內(nèi)正常的產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易和資源配置，并通過各國經(jīng)貿(mào)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)，產(chǎn)生廣泛的負面溢出效應(yīng)，降低全球經(jīng)濟的運行效率。比如，汽車、電子、飛機等行業(yè)都依靠復(fù)雜而龐大的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈支撐，日本、歐盟、韓國等供應(yīng)鏈上的經(jīng)濟體都將受到貿(mào)易收縮的負面影響，并產(chǎn)生一連串的鏈式反應(yīng)，即使美國國內(nèi)的供應(yīng)商也會在劫難逃。根據(jù)中國商務(wù)部測算，美國對華第一批340億美元征稅產(chǎn)品清單中，約有200多億美元產(chǎn)品（占比約59%）是美、歐、日、韓等在華企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的。包括美國企業(yè)在內(nèi)，全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的各國企業(yè)都將為美國政府的關(guān)稅措施付出代價。
By raising tariffs and erecting trade barriers, the US administration has provoked trade frictions worldwide. US multinationals are being threatened with “traitor” labels and punitive taxes if they do not move their operations back to the US. Such moves will seriously undermine or even break the global value chain, and jeopardize the normal flows of trade and resource allocation across the world. And because of the interconnections between countries through trade and economic links, they will also produce extensive spillovers, and reduce the efficiency of the global economy. For example, sectors such as automobiles, electronics and aircraft are all supported by complex, massive industrial chains. Economies on the supply chain, including Japan, the EU and the ROK, would all be adversely affected by contracting trade. Even US suppliers would not be immune from the subsequent ripple effect. According to the estimates of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, of the US$34 billion of Chinese products targeted by the first round of US tariff increases, over US$20 billion – nearly 59 percent of the value – are goods produced by companies from the US, the EU, Japan, the ROK and other economies operating in China. Ultimately, companies from all countries on the global industrial chain – including those from the US – would have to pay the price for tariff measures introduced by the US administration.
國際貨幣基金組織2018年4月17日發(fā)布的《世界經(jīng)濟展望》報告指出，關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘的增加將破壞全球價值鏈，減緩新技術(shù)的擴散，導(dǎo)致全球生產(chǎn)率和投資下降。彼得森國際經(jīng)濟研究所認為，若美國對中國施加貿(mào)易制裁并導(dǎo)致中國反制，許多向中國出口中間產(chǎn)品和原材料的國家與地區(qū)也將遭受嚴重沖擊。
（四）貿(mào)易保護主義最終損害美國自身利益
在經(jīng)濟全球化的時代，各國經(jīng)濟你中有我、我中有你，特別是大型經(jīng)濟體存在緊密的相互聯(lián)系。美國政府單方面挑起貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，不僅會對世界各國經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生沖擊，也會損害美國自身利益。
The “World Economic Outlook” report released by the IMF on April 17, 2018 noted that raising tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers will disrupt the global value chain, slow down the spread of new technologies, and lead to a drop in global productivity and investment. The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) argued that if the US imposes trade sanctions on China that prompt countermeasures, many countries and regions that export intermediate inputs and raw materials to China will also take a heavy hit.
4. Trade protectionism will ultimately hurt US interests
Thanks to economic globalization, economies, particularly the larger ones, are highly interdependent. Ultimately, trade wars unilaterally initiated by the US administration will not only hurt other economies but also undermine US interests.
上一篇：《關(guān)于中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦的事實與中方立場》白皮書 （中英對照全文）IX
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