三、美國政府的貿(mào)易保護主義行為

　　美國存在大量扭曲市場競爭、阻礙公平貿(mào)易、割裂全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的投資貿(mào)易限制政策和行為，有損以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊貿(mào)易體制，并嚴重影響中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系正常發(fā)展。

III. The trade protectionist practices of the US administration

The numerous investment and trade restriction policies and actions adopted by the US that distort market competition, hamper fair trade, and lead to breakdowns in global industrial chains are detrimental to the rules-based multilateral trading system and severely affect the normal development of China-US economic and trade relations.

　　（一）歧視他國產(chǎn)品

　　美國大量監(jiān)管政策違反公平競爭原則，歧視他國產(chǎn)品，具有明顯的利己主義和保護主義傾向。美國通過立法直接或間接限制購買其他國家產(chǎn)品，使他國企業(yè)在美遭受不公平待遇，中國企業(yè)是其中的主要受害者。

　　美國產(chǎn)品市場的公平競爭環(huán)境不如多數(shù)發(fā)達國家，甚至遜于一些發(fā)展中國家。根據(jù)經(jīng)合組織發(fā)布的2013年“產(chǎn)品市場監(jiān)管指標”對35個經(jīng)合組織國家進行排名，前3位是荷蘭、英國和澳大利亞。美國只排在第27位，反映出美國市場監(jiān)管政策對產(chǎn)品市場公平競爭存在較多障礙。而在加入12個非經(jīng)合組織國家的指標后，美國在47個國家中僅列第30位，其產(chǎn)品市場公平競爭環(huán)境不及立陶宛、保加利亞和馬耳他等非經(jīng)合組織國家。

1. Discrimination against foreign products 

Many American regulatory policies are clearly self-serving and protectionist as they run counter to the principle of fair competition and discriminate against foreign products. The US directly or indirectly restricts the purchase of products from other countries through legislation, subjecting foreign companies to unfair treatment in the US, with Chinese companies being the main victims. 

The US product market falls behind most developed countries and even some developing countries in terms of fair competition. According to the statistics on Indicators of Product Market Regulation released by the OECD in 2013, the Netherlands, the UK and Australia were the top three among 35 OECD countries, while the US ranked only 27th, pointing to the many obstacles created by the US market regulatory policies for fair competition in the product market. When the indicators of 12 non-OECD countries were added, the US ranked only 30th among the 47 countries, indicating a product market environment less fair than those of non-OECD countries such as Lithuania, Bulgaria and Malta. 

　　美國對他國產(chǎn)品的歧視程度遠高于大多數(shù)發(fā)達國家，甚至也高于一些發(fā)展中國家。根據(jù)“產(chǎn)品市場監(jiān)管指標”二級指標“國外供應(yīng)商差別待遇”對35個經(jīng)合組織國家進行排名，2013年美國排在第32位，表明美國產(chǎn)品市場對外國存在嚴重歧視。若包括12個非經(jīng)合組織國家的指標，美國在47個國家中排名第39位，歧視程度比巴西、保加利亞、塞浦路斯、印度、印度尼西亞和羅馬尼亞等非經(jīng)合組織國家更高（圖7）。

　　圖表：圖7：美國市場監(jiān)管政策對產(chǎn)品市場公平競爭的阻礙程度 新華社發(fā)

The US is far more discriminatory against foreign products than most developed countries and even some developing countries. According to the ranking of 35 OECD countries on Differential Treatment of Foreign Suppliers , a secondary indicator of the Indicators of Product Market Regulation, the US ranked 32nd among 35 OECD countries in 2013, indicating severe discrimination against foreign countries in its product market. When the indicators of 12 non-OECD countries were added, the US ranked 39th among the 47 countries, with a higher degree of discrimination than such non-OECD countries as Brazil, Bulgaria, Cyprus, India, Indonesia and Romania (Chart 7). 

Chart 7: The Extent to Which US Market Regulatory Policies Inhibit Fair Competition in the Product Market

Source: OECD, Indicators of Product Market Regulation, 2013