推進(jìn)國防動員現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。理順國防動員組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制，加強(qiáng)后備力量建設(shè)，精簡全國基干民兵規(guī)模，深化民兵預(yù)備役部隊(duì)規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)、力量編成改革，推進(jìn)預(yù)備役部隊(duì)與現(xiàn)役部隊(duì)一體建設(shè)和運(yùn)用，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)由保障陸軍為主向保障多軍兵種轉(zhuǎn)變。
結(jié)合深化黨和國家機(jī)構(gòu)改革，組建退役軍人事務(wù)部，推進(jìn)省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（街道）、村（社區(qū)）退役軍人服務(wù)保障體系建設(shè)，出臺一系列優(yōu)待優(yōu)撫措施。扎實(shí)做好擁軍優(yōu)屬、擁政愛民工作，積極參與脫貧攻堅(jiān)，軍政軍民團(tuán)結(jié)不斷鞏固，尊重軍人、優(yōu)待軍人的社會氛圍正在形成。
Modernizing national defense mobilization. China has refined the system of national defense mobilization to enhance the development of its defense reserves. China is streamlining the number of primary militia nationwide, driving deeper reform of militia and reserve forces in their size, structure and composition, promoting integrated development and employment of the reserve and active forces, and extending the function of national defense mobilization from mainly supporting the land force to supporting all branches at a faster pace.
In the process of deepening the reform of the CPC and governmental institutions, the Ministry of Veterans Affairs of the PRC has been set up. Through a series of preferential measures, the veteran support system is progressing at provincial, prefectural, county, town and township (sub-district), and village (community) levels. Substantial steps have been taken to enhance the government’s efforts to support the military and their families, and to strengthen the military’s support to the government and the people. China’s armed forces play an active role in poverty alleviation. The relationships between the military and the government and between the military and the people are getting even closer. There is a growing consensus across communities to respect and give preferential treatment to all service members.
五、合理適度的國防開支
中國堅(jiān)持發(fā)展和安全兼顧、富國和強(qiáng)軍統(tǒng)一，堅(jiān)持國防建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持勤儉建軍方針，依據(jù)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和國防需求，合理確定國防費(fèi)規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)，依法管理和使用國防費(fèi)。
改革開放以來，中國國防開支經(jīng)歷了從維持性投入到適度增長的發(fā)展歷程，總體保持與國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和財政支出同步適度協(xié)調(diào)增長。國防費(fèi)占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）比重從1979年最高的5.43%下降到2017年的1.26%，近30年一直保持在2%以內(nèi)。1979年國防費(fèi)占國家財政支出比重為17.37%，2017年為5.14%，下降超過12個百分點(diǎn)，總體下降趨勢明顯。
V. Reasonable and Appropriate Defense Expenditure
China attends to both development and security. It is making an integrated effort to build a prosperous country and a strong military, and striving for the coordinated development of national defense and the economy. Following the principle of building the armed forces through diligence and thrift, China takes into consideration the development of the economy and the demands of national defense, decides on the appropriate scale and composition of defense expenditure, and manages and applies these funds in accordance with law.
Since reform and opening-up, China has increased its defense expenditure from a level of sustainability to moderate growth. On the whole, defense expenditure has grown in tandem with the growth of the national economy and government expenditure. Defense expenditure as a percentage of GDP has fallen from a peak of 5.43% in 1979 to 1.26% in 2017. It has remained below 2% for the past three decades. Defense expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure was 17.37% in 1979 and 5.14% in 2017, a drop of more than 12 percentage points. The figures are on a clear downward trend.
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