2) 使隱含語義明朗化

⑤蠟燭有心還惜別，

替人垂淚到天明。

The candle has a wick just as we have a heart,

All night long it sheds tears * for us before we part. 

* The melted wax of a guttering candle is compared to tears. (trans . by Xu Yuanhong)

⑥ His secluded wife ever smiling and cheerful, his little comfortable lodgings, snug meals and homely evenings, had all the charms of novelty and secrecy.

羅登家里藏著的妻子總是對(duì)他眉開眼笑，他住的又舒服，吃的又受用，每天黃昏嘗嘗家庭的樂趣，這日子不但過的新奇，而且偷偷摸模的真有趣。(《名利場(chǎng)》楊必譯）

在例⑤中，第一行中的“心”是諧音雙關(guān)，即表示蠟燭之“芯”， 又表現(xiàn)了朋友之間的思念之“心”，離別之情。由于英語中很難找到一個(gè)與之完全對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，許淵沖先生在第一行中用“wick”和 "heart”兩個(gè)詞來表現(xiàn)漢語的“心”兩層含義，并用腳注為英語讀者傳達(dá)了“替人垂淚”的含義。例⑥的主語是四個(gè)名詞性短語，譯文中全都處理成分句;原文中“charms of novelty and secrecy”含義十分豐富，如果按原文結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯成“新穎和秘密的魅力”，一則可能引起誤解，二則深?yuàn)W難懂。譯文“這日子不但過的新奇，而且偷偷摸摸的真有趣”恰當(dāng)?shù)匮a(bǔ)充了原文深層的含義，使讀者能充分地感受到原文的要旨。

3) 增加歷史文化背景知識(shí)

⑦ 何當(dāng)載酒來，共醉重陽節(jié)。（孟浩然）

Why don't you bring wine here to have a time gay,

And be drunk with me on this Double-Ninth day?

* Double-Ninth Day, the ninth day of the ninth moon of ihe lunar calendar, was, and somewhat still is，a Chinese festival. On that day people customarily climb up the mountains to drink chrysanthemum (or other kinds of ) wine. ( trans. by Xu Yuanchong) 

⑧ He shrugged his shoulders.

他聳了聳肩，顯出一副無可奈何的樣子。