促進(jìn)了美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。在與中國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作中，美國(guó)跨國(guó)公司通過整合兩國(guó)要素優(yōu)勢(shì)提升了其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。蘋果公司在美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)手機(jī)，在中國(guó)組裝生產(chǎn)，在全球市場(chǎng)銷售。根據(jù)高盛公司2018年的研究報(bào)告，如蘋果公司將生產(chǎn)與組裝全部移到美國(guó)，其生產(chǎn)成本將提高37%。從技術(shù)合作領(lǐng)域看，美國(guó)企業(yè)在中國(guó)銷售和投資，使這些企業(yè)能夠享受中國(guó)在云計(jì)算和人工智能等方面的應(yīng)用成果，使其產(chǎn)品更好適應(yīng)不斷變化的全球市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)承接了美國(guó)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)，使得美國(guó)能夠?qū)⒏噘Y金等要素資源投入創(chuàng)新和管理環(huán)節(jié)，集中力量發(fā)展高端制造業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，帶動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)向更高附加值、高技術(shù)含量領(lǐng)域升級(jí)，降低了美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)能源資源消耗和環(huán)境保護(hù)的壓力，提升了國(guó)家整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

　　總體來看，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作是一種雙贏關(guān)系，絕非零和博弈，美國(guó)企業(yè)和國(guó)民從中得到了實(shí)實(shí)在在的好處，美國(guó)一部分人宣稱的“美國(guó)吃虧論”是站不住腳的。

Trade and economic cooperation has promoted industrial upgrading. In their trade and economic cooperation with China, US multinational companies have sharpened their international competitiveness by combining competitive factors of production in the two countries. For example, iPhones are designed in the US, manufactured and assembled in China, and sold in the world. According to a Goldman Sachs report in 2018, should Apple Inc. relocate all its production and assembly to the US, its product cost would increase by 37%.  In technological cooperation, US companies which have sales and investment in China enjoy the benefits of cloud computing and artificial intelligence applied in China, so that American products can better adapt to the changing global market.  By manufacturing for US companies, China has enabled the US to invest more money and resources in innovation and management, focus on high-end manufacturing and modern services, and upgrade its industry with more added-value and high technology. This has also helped the US in conserving energy and resources and mitigating pressure in environmental protection at home, making the US more competitive in the world.

In general, China-US trade and economic cooperation is a win-win relationship and by no means a zero-sum game, bringing concrete benefits to US companies and people. Some Americans claim that the United States is “l(fā)osing” in this relationship, a claim which does not stand up to scrutiny. 

　　二、中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的事實(shí)

　　中美經(jīng)貿(mào)交往規(guī)模龐大、內(nèi)涵豐富、覆蓋面廣、涉及主體多元，產(chǎn)生一些矛盾分歧在所難免。兩國(guó)應(yīng)以全局綜合的視角看待，從維護(hù)兩國(guó)戰(zhàn)略利益和國(guó)際秩序大局出發(fā)，以求同存異的態(tài)度妥善處理分歧，務(wù)實(shí)化解矛盾。但是，現(xiàn)任美國(guó)政府通過發(fā)布《對(duì)華301調(diào)查報(bào)告》等方式，對(duì)中國(guó)作出“經(jīng)濟(jì)侵略”、“不公平貿(mào)易”、“盜竊知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”、“國(guó)家資本主義”等一系列污名化指責(zé)，嚴(yán)重歪曲了中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的事實(shí)，無視中國(guó)改革開放的巨大成績(jī)和中國(guó)人民為此付出的心血汗水，這既是對(duì)中國(guó)政府和中國(guó)人民的不尊重，也是對(duì)美國(guó)人民真實(shí)利益的不尊重，只會(huì)導(dǎo)致分歧加大、摩擦升級(jí)，最終損害雙方根本利益。

II. Clarifications of the facts about China-US trade and economic cooperation

Economic cooperation and trade between the two countries is so huge, substantive and broad-based, with so many players, that it is inevitable for some differences and friction to emerge. The two countries need to take a comprehensive perspective, keep in mind their strategic interests and the international order, properly handle their differences by seeking common ground while shelving differences, and take practical steps to resolve their tensions. However, in its Section 301 report and other ways, the current US administration stigmatizes China by accusing it of “economic aggression”, “unfair trade”, “IPR theft” and “national capitalism”. This is a gross distortion of the facts in China-US trade and economic cooperation. It turns a blind eye to the huge progress in China’s reform and opening-up as well as the dedication and hard work of the Chinese people. This is disrespectful to the Chinese government and people as well as incompatible with the real interests of the American people. It will only aggravate differences and tensions, which in the end will damage the fundamental interests of both countries.