英語中引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有:that,so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, for the purpose that, to the end that, in case等。應(yīng)注意的是that和so that既可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。判斷從句是結(jié)果還是目的狀語應(yīng)從下面幾個方面 加以考慮:一般來說結(jié)果狀語從句表示一種事實,而目的狀語從句往往表示一種愿望和可能性,結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)上很少用情態(tài)動詞,而目的狀語從句常用can, could, may, might等情態(tài)動詞;結(jié)果狀語從句一般置于主句之后,而目的狀語從句放在句首或句尾均可。
1. 前置法
翻譯目的狀語從句應(yīng)注意兩個特點:如果譯作漢語的‘‘為了”、“要(使)”等, 習慣上將目的狀語從句譯在句首。如:
* It is necessary first to convert the chemical energy into heat by combustion for the purpose that useful work from the chemical energy stored in fuels might be produced.
為了可以將儲存于燃料中的化學(xué)能置轉(zhuǎn)變成有用功,首先需要通過燃燒把化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮堋?
* The capacitor is consequently made up of large plates so that large electrical charges can be stored.
為了能儲存大量的電荷,電容器通常用大面積的金屬板來制造。
* In order that an electric current may flow in a circuit it must be complete and must consist of materials that are electrical conductors.
要使電流流過線路,線路必須是完整的,而且必須由導(dǎo)體組成。