聯(lián)合國《防止暴力極端主義行動計劃》（70/674）報告指出，貧困、失業(yè)、缺乏就業(yè)機會和教育程度低，以及暴力極端主義團體隨意歪曲和利用宗教信仰、族裔差異和政治思想體系等方面是形成暴力極端主義的背景和成因。行動計劃建議，防止暴力極端主義必須擴大應對措施，更早介入，消除促成暴力極端主義的因素，用預防措施配合打擊暴力極端主義。行動計劃提出，將國家發(fā)展政策與可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標保持一致，消除一切形式的貧困，確保優(yōu)質教育，讓全民享有終身學習機會；為暴力極端主義團體的人提供教育機會和經濟機遇，鼓勵其脫離暴力極端主義團體；向青年提供繼續(xù)學習機會、職業(yè)培訓資源、創(chuàng)業(yè)才能培養(yǎng)。新疆開展教培工作正是中國落實國際社會反恐、去極端化倡議及其理念的具體表現。
The United Nations Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism notes that poverty, unemployment, the absence of alternative employment opportunities, and low levels of education, are the background causes of violent extremism, along with the distortion and exploitation by violent extremist groups of religious beliefs, ethnic differences and political ideologies. The Plan of Action says that to counter violent extremism, we have to broaden our responses, engage earlier, and address the drivers of violent extremism. We need to complement actions to counter violent extremism with preventive measures. The Plan of Action proposes to align national development policies with the Sustainable Development Goals, end poverty in all its forms, ensure quality education, and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all; to encourage individuals to leave violent extremist groups by developing programs that place an emphasis on providing them with educational and economic opportunities; and to support young people in gaining access to continued learning and vocational resources, and in incubating their entrepreneurial talent. The education and training efforts of Xinjiang manifest China’s implementation of international counter-terrorism and deradicalization initiatives and measures.
三、教育培訓的內容
為有效遏制宗教極端主義蔓延擴散、暴力恐怖案（事）件多發(fā)頻發(fā)勢頭，新疆依法開展教育培訓工作，在一些區(qū)、縣設立教培中心。
教培中心屬于學校性質。針對新疆反恐、去極端化的實際需要，設置了以學習國家通用語言文字、法律知識、職業(yè)技能以及去極端化為主要內容的教學課程。
III. Content of Education and Training
In order to effectively contain and systematically remedy the dissemination of religious extremism and frequent terrorist incidents, Xinjiang has set up vocational education and training centers in some prefectures and counties.
These centers are education and training institutions in nature. To meet the needs of fighting terrorism and extremism, these centers deliver a curriculum that includes standard spoken and written Chinese, understanding of the law, vocational skills, and deradicalization.
針對學員使用國家通用語言文字普遍水平低的問題，開展國家通用語言文字培訓。教培中心開展國家通用語言文字培訓有充分的憲法和法律依據。《中華人民共和國憲法》以及《中華人民共和國民族區(qū)域自治法》《中華人民共和國國家通用語言文字法》均保障各民族有使用和發(fā)展自己的語言文字的自由。同時，《中華人民共和國憲法》和《中華人民共和國國家通用語言文字法》也規(guī)定，國家推廣全國通用的普通話，公民有學習和使用國家通用語言文字的權利，國家為公民學習和使用國家通用語言文字提供條件。教培中心充分保障憲法賦予公民的學習和使用國家通用語言文字的權利，為學員提供學習條件。安排有教師資格的國家通用語言專業(yè)教師，使用專門為學員編寫的教材，按照普通學校授課方式，快速提升學員使用國家通用語言文字的能力。國家通用語言文字的培訓，是在尊重少數民族使用本民族語言文字權利前提下進行的，目的在于增強掌握和使用國家通用語言文字的能力，使學員獲得學習科學文化知識、職業(yè)技能、外出經商務工、與其他民族群眾交流、適應現代生活的語言工具，而不是要剝奪或者限制使用、發(fā)展本民族語言文字的權利。
To remedy their lack of proficiency in spoken and written Chinese, tailored language programs are provided to trainees. The education and training centers have solid constitutional and legal authority to conduct such programs. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language protect the freedom of all ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages. At the same time, the Constitution and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language specify that the state promotes the nationwide use of Putonghua, that all citizens have the right to learn and use the standard spoken and written Chinese language, and that the state provides citizens with the conditions to enable them to do so.
The education and training centers fully guarantee citizens’ right to learn and use standard spoken and written Chinese conferred by the Constitution, and provide trainees with the facilities required for their studies. They employ qualified teachers, using textbooks compiled especially for the trainees, teaching in the same way as in regular schools in order to rapidly improve their ability in the use of standard spoken and written Chinese. Improving the trainees’ command of standard spoken and written Chinese helps them to learn about science and technology, acquire vocational skills, seek work in other locations, communicate with other ethnic groups, and adapt better to life in modern society, subject to the condition that their right to use their own ethnic spoken and written languages is respected. There is no intention to deprive or limit the trainees’ right to use and develop their own ethnic languages.
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