調(diào)整作戰(zhàn)部隊編成，重構新型作戰(zhàn)力量。陸軍原18個集團軍整合重組為13個集團軍。在全軍主要作戰(zhàn)部隊實行“軍－旅－營”體制，充實兵種作戰(zhàn)力量，減少指揮層級，降低合成重心。增加特種作戰(zhàn)、立體攻防、兩棲作戰(zhàn)、遠海防衛(wèi)、戰(zhàn)略投送等新型作戰(zhàn)力量，推動部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發(fā)展。
優(yōu)化院校力量布局，重構軍事科研體系。解放軍和武警部隊原有77所院校整合為44所，重塑國防大學、國防科技大學。成立軍委軍事科學研究指導委員會，調(diào)整組建新的軍事科學院、軍種研究院，形成以軍事科學院為龍頭、軍兵種科研機構為骨干、院校和部隊科研力量為輔助的軍事科研力量布局。
Reorganizing the troops and rebuilding new-type combat forces. The previous 18 group armies have been reorganized into 13 new ones. All major combat units of the PLA follow a group army-brigade-battalion system. Reform measures have been taken to reinforce the combat capacity of the arms, reduce the command hierarchies and combine the troops at lower levels. New types of combat forces have been enhanced to conduct special operations, all-dimensional offense and defense, amphibious operations, far seas protection and strategic projection, aiming to make the force composition complete, combined, multi-functional and flexible.
Rebalancing and reorganizing military educational and research institutions. The PLA and the PAP have restructured the previous 77 universities and colleges into 44. The National Defense University (NDU) and the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) have been reorganized. China’s armed forces have established the CMC Steering Committee on Military Scientific Research and reorganized the Academy of Military Sciences (AMS) and the research institutes of the services. Thus, the military scientific research forces have been rebalanced with the AMS as the lead, the research institutes of the services and arms as the main forces, and the research components in educational institutions and the troops as supplements.
推進軍事政策制度改革
堅持戰(zhàn)斗力標準，著眼調(diào)動軍事人員積極性、主動性、創(chuàng)造性，整體設計和推進軍事政策制度改革，建立健全中國特色社會主義軍事政策制度體系。
深化軍隊黨的建設制度改革，維護黨中央權威和集中統(tǒng)一領導，確保黨對軍隊絕對領導。制定《關于加強新時代軍隊黨的建設的決定》等法規(guī)制度，推進完善軍隊黨的政治建設、思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、紀律建設制度。
Reforming Military Policies and Institutions
China’s armed forces take combat effectiveness as the criterion in the reform of military policies and institutions and encourage the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity of all members of the armed forces. Reform is designed to build and improve the system of socialist military policies and institutions with Chinese characteristics.
They have deepened reform in the institutions for Party building in the military to uphold the authority of the CPCCC and its centralized and unified leadership, and ensure the absolute leadership of the CPC over the military. Rules and regulations including the Decision of China’s Armed Forces on Strengthening Party Building in the Military in the New Era have been formulated to improve the Party’s institutions in the military in order to enhance its political and theoretical buildup, consolidate organizations, improve conduct, and enforce discipline.
創(chuàng)新軍事力量運用政策制度，有效保障全面履行新時代軍隊使命任務。制定《海上護航行動條例（試行）》等法規(guī)制度，推進完善軍事戰(zhàn)略指導制度、戰(zhàn)備工作條例、聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)法規(guī)等。
重塑軍事力量建設政策制度，更好解放和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)斗力。制定修訂《國防交通法》《軍事設施保護法》《文職人員條例》等法規(guī)制度，頒布實施新軍事訓練條例和軍事訓練大綱。推進建立軍官職業(yè)化制度，優(yōu)化軍人待遇保障，健全軍人榮譽體系，完善軍事訓練、裝備發(fā)展、后勤建設、軍事科研、國防動員等方面政策制度，加快推進軍官法、兵役法等立法進程。
They have innovated in policies and institutions for military force employment in a bid to effectively perform all missions and tasks in the new era. Rules and regulations have been formulated including the Regulations on Vessel Protection Operations (Trial). The institutions of military strategic guidance, regulations on combat readiness duties, and rules and regulations on joint operations have all been optimized.
They have reformulated policies and institutions to further develop combat capabilities. Laws and regulations have been formulated and amended including the Law of the People’s Republic of China on National Defense Transportation, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Military Installations and the Regulations on Civilian Personnel in the Military. Newly-updated military training regulations and outlines have been promulgated. They have made progress in establishing the career officers system, optimizing the institutions of military welfare and support, improving the military honors system, and refining policies and institutions in training, equipment development, logistics, military research and national defense mobilization. Meanwhile, bigger legislative steps have been taken in relation to military officers and military service.
改革軍事管理政策制度，提升軍事系統(tǒng)運行效能，推動軍隊高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。制定修訂《內(nèi)務條令（試行）》《紀律條令（試行）》《隊列條令（試行）》《軍事立法工作條例》等法規(guī)制度，推進戰(zhàn)略管理、軍費管理、軍事司法等制度創(chuàng)新。
全面停止軍隊有償服務。截至2018年6月，軍隊各級機關、部隊及其所屬事業(yè)單位從事的房地產(chǎn)租賃、農(nóng)副業(yè)生產(chǎn)、招接待等15個行業(yè)的有償服務活動基本停止，超過10萬個有償服務項目按期停止，累計停償項目比例達到94%，軍隊不從事經(jīng)營活動的目標基本實現(xiàn)。
They have reformed the policies and institutions for military management to elevate the efficacy of military systems and boost quality development of the military. Rules and regulations have been formulated including the newly-updated Regulations on Routine Service of the People’s Liberation Army (Trial), the Regulations on Discipline of the People’s Liberation Army (Trial), the Regulations on Formation of the People’s Liberation Army (Trial), and the Regulations on Military Legislation. China’s armed forces are enhancing institutional innovation in strategic management, defense expenditure management, and the military judicial system.
They have suspended all paid services. As of June, 2018, paid services provided by leading organs, operational units, and military-affiliated public institutions at all levels had been basically suspended, involving 15 sectors such as real estate lease, agricultural and associated products, and hospitality. Over 100,000 such projects have been suspended as scheduled, accounting for 94% of the total. The armed forces have achieved the goal of withdrawing from running businesses.
上一篇：?《新時代的中國國防》白皮書（全文中英對照）IV
下一篇：《新時代的中國國防》白皮書（全文中英對照）II
微信公眾號搜索“譯員”關注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語學習及翻譯招聘信息。