中國是美國飛機(jī)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、汽車、集成電路的重要出口市場(chǎng)。中國是美國飛機(jī)和大豆的第一大出口市場(chǎng)，汽車、集成電路、棉花的第二大出口市場(chǎng)。2017年美國出口中57%的大豆、25%的波音飛機(jī)、20%的汽車、14%的集成電路、17%的棉花都銷往中國。

　　中美雙邊貿(mào)易互補(bǔ)性強(qiáng)。美國居于全球價(jià)值鏈的中高端，對(duì)華出口多為資本品和中間品，中國居于中低端，對(duì)美出口多為消費(fèi)品和最終產(chǎn)品，兩國發(fā)揮各自比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，雙邊貿(mào)易呈互補(bǔ)關(guān)系。2017年中國向美國出口前三大類商品為電機(jī)電氣設(shè)備及其零附件、機(jī)械器具及零件、家具寢具燈具等，合計(jì)占比為53.5%。中國從美國進(jìn)口前三大類商品為電機(jī)電氣設(shè)備及其零附件、機(jī)械器具及零件、車輛及其零附件，合計(jì)占比為31.8%。機(jī)電產(chǎn)品在中美雙邊貿(mào)易中占重要比重，產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易特征較為明顯（表1）。中國對(duì)美出口的“高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品”，大多只是在華完成勞動(dòng)密集型加工環(huán)節(jié)，包含大量關(guān)鍵零部件和中間產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口與國際轉(zhuǎn)移價(jià)值。

　圖表：表1：2017年中國對(duì)美國主要進(jìn)、出口商品（HS2位碼） 新華社發(fā)

China is an import market for US goods such as airplanes, agricultural produce, automobiles, and integrated circuits. China represents the No. 1 export market for US airplanes and soybeans, and the No. 2 export market for US automobiles, IC products and cotton. In 2017 China took 57% of US soybean exports, 25% of Boeing aircraft, 20% of automobiles, 14% of ICs and 17% of cotton.

China-US bilateral trade has a strong complementarity. The US stands at the mid-and high-end in global value chains and it exports capital goods and intermediary goods to China. Remaining at the mid-and low-end in global value chains, China mainly exports consumer goods and finished products to the US. The two countries play to their comparative strengths and the two-way trade is highly complementary. In 2017, the top three categories of Chinese exports to the US were: 

1.electric machines/electrical products/equipment and components, 

2.mechanical apparatus and components, and 

3.furniture/bedding/lamps, 

which accounted for 53.5% of its total exports to the US. The top three categories of products that China imported from the US were：

1.machinery/electric equipment/ components and accessories, 

2.mechanical apparatus and components, and 

3.automobile and components and accessories, 

which accounted for 31.8% of total import from the US. Machinery and electronic products take a lion’s share of two-way trade, and there is an evident characteristic of intra-industry trade. (Table 1) For most of the hi-tech products that China exports to the US, only labor-intensive processing takes place in China, involving large-scale import of key components and intermediary products as well as international transfer of value.

　?。ǘ┲忻离p邊服務(wù)貿(mào)易快速增長(zhǎng)

　　美國服務(wù)業(yè)高度發(fā)達(dá)，產(chǎn)業(yè)門類齊全，國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力強(qiáng)。隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人民生活水平提升，服務(wù)需求明顯擴(kuò)大，雙方服務(wù)貿(mào)易快速增長(zhǎng)。據(jù)美國方面統(tǒng)計(jì)，2007-2017年，中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易額由249.4億美元擴(kuò)大到750.5億美元，增長(zhǎng)了2倍。2017年，據(jù)中國商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國是中國第二大服務(wù)貿(mào)易伙伴；據(jù)美國商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國是美國第三大服務(wù)出口市場(chǎng)。

　　美國是中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易最大逆差來源地，且逆差快速擴(kuò)大。據(jù)美國方面統(tǒng)計(jì)，2007-2017年，美國對(duì)華服務(wù)出口額由131.4億美元擴(kuò)大到576.3億美元，增長(zhǎng)了3.4倍，而同期美國對(duì)世界其他國家和地區(qū)的服務(wù)出口額增長(zhǎng)1.8倍，美國對(duì)華服務(wù)貿(mào)易年度順差擴(kuò)大30倍至402億美元（圖2）。

　　圖表：圖2：美國對(duì)中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口（單位：億美元） 新華社發(fā)

2.  Bilateral trade in services is developing quickly.

The US has a highly-advanced and fully-fledged service industry which is very competitive on the international market. Accompanying the growth of the Chinese economy and the improvement of Chinese people’s living standards is an obvious rise in demand for services and rapid growth in bilateral services trade. According to US statistics, two-way trade in services rose from US$24.94 billion in 2007 to US$75.05 billion in 2017. According to MOFCOM, the US was China’s second biggest services trade partner; according to USDOC, China is the third biggest market for US service exports.

The US is the biggest source of China’s deficit in services trade and this deficit has been increasing fast. US statistics show that US service exports to China grew 340% from US$13.14 billion in 2007 to US$57.63 billion in 2017 while its service exports to other countries and regions in the same period grew by 180%. The US surplus with China in services multiplied by a factor of 30 to US 40.2 billion. (Chart 2) At present, the US represents roughly 20% of China’s total deficit in services trade, the biggest source of this deficit. China’s deficit with the US is concentrated in three areas, travel, transport and intellectual property royalties.

Chart 2: US Services Imports from and Exports to China (unit: US$100 mn)