中國企業(yè)是美國濫用國家安全審查的主要受害者之一。美國外國投資委員會成立以來，美國總統(tǒng)根據該委員會建議否決的4起投資交易均系針對中國企業(yè)或其關聯企業(yè)。2013-2015年，美國外國投資委員會共審查39個經濟體的387起交易，被審查的中國企業(yè)投資交易共74起，占19%，連續(xù)三年位居被審查數量國別榜首。從近年來美國否決和阻止中國企業(yè)投資的數據來看（表4和表5），美國外國投資委員會對華投資審查范圍已從半導體、金融行業(yè)擴大至豬飼養(yǎng)等食品加工業(yè)。加上其審查程序不透明、自由裁量權極大、否決原因披露不詳等因素，以“危害國家安全”為由阻礙正常交易的情況更為嚴重。
圖表：表4：1990—2018年被美國否決的中資海外并購交易 新華社發(fā)
圖表：表5：2005—2018年因美國外國投資委員會審查而被撤銷的部分中資海外并購交易 新華社發(fā)
Source: Annual Reports Released by CFIUS
Chinese companies are one of the main targets of the US abuse of national security reviews. Since the establishment of CFIUS, US Presidents vetoed four transactions based on the Committee’s recommendation, all targeting Chinese firms or their related businesses. From 2013 to 2015, CFIUS reviewed in total 387 transactions concerning 39 economies, among which 74 were transactions involving investment from Chinese companies, accounting for 19 percent of the total, the largest share among all countries for three years in a row. The data on Chinese corporate investment being vetoed and blocked by the US (Table 4 and Table 5) shows that CFIUS review of Chinese investment has extended its reach from semiconductors and financial sectors to food processing sectors including swine feed. In addition to an absence of transparency in the review process, excessive discretionary power, and lack of explanations for vetoes, there is an even more serious issue – that normal transactions are being obstructed on the grounds of national security.
Table 4: Overseas Acquisition Transactions with Chinese Investment Vetoed by the US from 1990 to 2018
美國新立法進一步加強外資安全審查。2018年8月13日，美國總統(tǒng)簽署了《2019財年國防授權法案》，作為其組成部分的《外國投資風險審查現代化法案》賦予了外國投資委員會更大審查權，包括擴大受管轄交易范圍、擴充人員編制、引入“特別關注國”概念、增加考慮審查因素等，投資審查收緊趨勢明顯。其中，特別要求美國商務部在2026年前每兩年提交一份關于中國企業(yè)在美投資情況的分析報告。
The United States is preparing new legislation for more stringent foreign investment security review. On August 13, 2018, the President signed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, part of which is the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA), which strengthens the authority of CFIUS, expands the scope of transactions covered, recruits additional staff, establishes the term of “countries of special concern”, and adds additional factors to be considered in reviews. All of this points to a clear trend of tighter investment reviews. In particular, it requests the Department of Commerce to submit a biennial analysis on Chinese investments in the US before 2026.
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