三、美國(guó)政府的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義行為
美國(guó)存在大量扭曲市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、阻礙公平貿(mào)易、割裂全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的投資貿(mào)易限制政策和行為，有損以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊貿(mào)易體制，并嚴(yán)重影響中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系正常發(fā)展。
III. The trade protectionist practices of the US administration
The numerous investment and trade restriction policies and actions adopted by the US that distort market competition, hamper fair trade, and lead to breakdowns in global industrial chains are detrimental to the rules-based multilateral trading system and severely affect the normal development of China-US economic and trade relations.
?。ㄒ唬┢缫曀麌?guó)產(chǎn)品
美國(guó)大量監(jiān)管政策違反公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)原則，歧視他國(guó)產(chǎn)品，具有明顯的利己主義和保護(hù)主義傾向。美國(guó)通過(guò)立法直接或間接限制購(gòu)買其他國(guó)家產(chǎn)品，使他國(guó)企業(yè)在美遭受不公平待遇，中國(guó)企業(yè)是其中的主要受害者。
美國(guó)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境不如多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，甚至遜于一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家。根據(jù)經(jīng)合組織發(fā)布的2013年“產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管指標(biāo)”對(duì)35個(gè)經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家進(jìn)行排名，前3位是荷蘭、英國(guó)和澳大利亞。美國(guó)只排在第27位，反映出美國(guó)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管政策對(duì)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)存在較多障礙。而在加入12個(gè)非經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家的指標(biāo)后，美國(guó)在47個(gè)國(guó)家中僅列第30位，其產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境不及立陶宛、保加利亞和馬耳他等非經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家。
1. Discrimination against foreign products
Many American regulatory policies are clearly self-serving and protectionist as they run counter to the principle of fair competition and discriminate against foreign products. The US directly or indirectly restricts the purchase of products from other countries through legislation, subjecting foreign companies to unfair treatment in the US, with Chinese companies being the main victims.
The US product market falls behind most developed countries and even some developing countries in terms of fair competition. According to the statistics on Indicators of Product Market Regulation released by the OECD in 2013, the Netherlands, the UK and Australia were the top three among 35 OECD countries, while the US ranked only 27th, pointing to the many obstacles created by the US market regulatory policies for fair competition in the product market. When the indicators of 12 non-OECD countries were added, the US ranked only 30th among the 47 countries, indicating a product market environment less fair than those of non-OECD countries such as Lithuania, Bulgaria and Malta.
美國(guó)對(duì)他國(guó)產(chǎn)品的歧視程度遠(yuǎn)高于大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，甚至也高于一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家。根據(jù)“產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管指標(biāo)”二級(jí)指標(biāo)“國(guó)外供應(yīng)商差別待遇”對(duì)35個(gè)經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家進(jìn)行排名，2013年美國(guó)排在第32位，表明美國(guó)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)對(duì)外國(guó)存在嚴(yán)重歧視。若包括12個(gè)非經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家的指標(biāo)，美國(guó)在47個(gè)國(guó)家中排名第39位，歧視程度比巴西、保加利亞、塞浦路斯、印度、印度尼西亞和羅馬尼亞等非經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家更高（圖7）。
圖表：圖7：美國(guó)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管政策對(duì)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的阻礙程度 新華社發(fā)
The US is far more discriminatory against foreign products than most developed countries and even some developing countries. According to the ranking of 35 OECD countries on Differential Treatment of Foreign Suppliers , a secondary indicator of the Indicators of Product Market Regulation, the US ranked 32nd among 35 OECD countries in 2013, indicating severe discrimination against foreign countries in its product market. When the indicators of 12 non-OECD countries were added, the US ranked 39th among the 47 countries, with a higher degree of discrimination than such non-OECD countries as Brazil, Bulgaria, Cyprus, India, Indonesia and Romania (Chart 7).
Chart 7: The Extent to Which US Market Regulatory Policies Inhibit Fair Competition in the Product Market
Source: OECD, Indicators of Product Market Regulation, 2013
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