為企業(yè)營造公平競爭的政策環(huán)境。近年來，中國政府一直致力于推進產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的轉(zhuǎn)型。2016年6月，中國國務(wù)院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于在市場體系建設(shè)中建立公平競爭審查制度的意見》，要求規(guī)范政府行為，防止出臺新的排除、限制競爭的支持措施，并逐步清理廢除已有的妨礙公平競爭的規(guī)定和做法。2017年1月，《國務(wù)院關(guān)于擴大對外開放積極利用外資若干措施的通知》進一步要求，各部門制定外資政策要進行公平競爭審查。2018年6月，《國務(wù)院關(guān)于
積極有效利用外資推動經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展若干措施的通知》（以下簡稱《通知》）提出，全面落實準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度，負面清單之外的領(lǐng)域，各地區(qū)各部門不得專門針對外商投資準入進行限制?！锻ㄖ芬?，保護外商投資合法權(quán)益，完善外商投資企業(yè)投訴工作部際聯(lián)席會議制度，建立健全各地外商投資企業(yè)投訴工作機制，及時解決外商投資企業(yè)反映的不公平待遇問題，各地不得限制外商投資企業(yè)依法跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營、搬遷、注銷等行為。
China has created a level playing field for the businesses. In recent years, the Chinese government has committed to transforming industrial policies. In June 2016 the State Council released Opinions on Establishing a Fair Competition Examination System in the Building of the Market System, setting out to guarantee rules-based government actions, prohibit new supportive measures that would exclude or impede competition, and filter out and abolish any existing rules and practices that hamper fair competition. In January 2017, the State Council released a Circular on Several Measures on Promoting Further Openness and Active Utilization of Foreign Investment, requiring authorities concerned to carry out a fair competition review in defining foreign investment policies. In June 2018, the State Council released a Circular on Certain Measures for Actively and Effectively Utilizing Foreign Investment to Promote Quality Economic Development, aiming to grant full pre-establishment national treatment on the basis of a negative list, and remove access restrictions on foreign investment in areas outside the list. As required by the Circular, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors, China has improved the inter-departmental joint meeting mechanism for FIEs to lodge complaints, set up and enhanced the complaint mechanism for FIEs across the country, in order to promptly resolve any unfair treatment of FIEs, and avoid restrictions on the law-based cross-regional operation, movement and deregistration of FIEs.
中國農(nóng)業(yè)市場化程度持續(xù)提高。2015年，中國國家發(fā)展改革委宣布放開煙葉收購價格，標志著中國在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格領(lǐng)域已完全取消了政府定價。2004年以來，在市場定價、自由流通的基礎(chǔ)上，中國政府為維護農(nóng)民基本生計，當市場嚴重供大于求、價格過度下跌時，對部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品實行托市收購制度。近年來，中國政府加大了對托市收購政策的改革力度，定價機制更加市場化（專欄4）。
圖表：專欄4 中國的農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策改革 新華社發(fā)
China’s agricultural industry has become increasingly market-based. In 2015, the NDRC announced the abolition of controlled pricing on tobacco leaves, marking the definitive end to government pricing for agricultural produce. Since 2004, on the basis of market-set price and free circulation, the Chinese government had stepped in to ensure the basic livelihood of farmers by adopting a government purchase system, a backstop in the case of severe oversupply and collapsing prices. In recent years, the Chinese government has stepped up efforts to reform the purchase system by introducing a more market-based price-setting mechanism. (Box 4)
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