2011 年11 月CATTI 三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題
2016-10-25 09:25:37 etogether.net nytimes.com 次
2011 年11 月CATTI 三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題
Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and
sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.
Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the
rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem,
and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their
people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served
by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant
water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the
water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the
poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.
The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities like Manila and
Jakarta, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand.
Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other
than the poor, he added.
The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5
gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments
accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to
water mains. The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should
spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also
recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this
approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily
acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.
By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private
water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water,
according to the agency’s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the
agency’s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean
water.
People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne
diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy
long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a
government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find
receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly,
private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its
residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.
In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman
said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon
themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources
they have to help their communities," he said. "That’s especially true out in the rural
areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they
invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these
solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of
different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given
region or country.
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