青藏高原森林主要分布在滇西北、藏東南、川西、甘南和青海東部地區(qū)。1950年以來，森林資源在面積、蓄積、類型及空間分布格局等方面均發(fā)生了顯著變化。2016年第九次全國森林資源清查結果顯示，西藏林地面積達1798.19萬公頃，森林面積1490.99萬公頃，森林覆蓋率12.14%，活立木總蓄積23.05億立方米，與2011年第八次全國森林資源清查結果相比，林地與森林面積分別增加14.75萬和19.87萬公頃，森林覆蓋率提高0.16個百分點，森林蓄積量增加2047萬立方米，實現(xiàn)了森林面積和蓄積“雙增”。
青藏高原是中國濕地分布最廣、面積最大的區(qū)域。1990年，青藏高原濕地面積約為13.45萬平方公里。1990－2006年，青藏高原濕地呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)退化狀態(tài)，以每年0.13%的速率減少，總面積減少了約3000平方公里。2006年以來，在濕地保護與自然因素綜合作用下，濕地面積明顯回升。至2011年，僅西藏自治區(qū)和青海省濕地面積已達14.67萬平方公里，濕地退化態(tài)勢總體上得到遏制。至2014年，青海省濕地面積達8.14萬平方公里。近年來，隨著保護力度的加大，濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進一步好轉。
The forests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly distributed in northwest Yunnan, southeast Tibet, west Sichuan, south Gansu, and east Qinghai. Since the 1950s, great changes have taken place in terms of coverage, reserve, type, and spatial distribution of the forests. According to the results of the Ninth National Forest Resource Survey in 2016, in Tibet, the area of forested land was 17.98 million ha, that of forests was 14.91 million ha, the forest coverage rate was 12.14 percent, and the total stock of timber reached 2.3 billion cu m. Compared with the results of the Eighth National Forest Resource Survey conducted in 2011, in Tibet, the area of forested land and that of forests had increased by 147,500 ha and 198,700 ha respectively, the rate of forest coverage went up by 0.16 percentage point, and the stock of timber by 20.47 million cu m, an increase in both forest area and timber stock.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau boasts the most and largest area of wetlands in China. In 1990, the total area of wetlands on the Plateau was about 134,500 sq km. From 1990 to 2006, local wetlands suffered continuous degradation at an annual rate of 0.13 percent. In this period, the total area of wetlands had been reduced by 3,000 sq km. Since 2006, due to efforts in conservation and natural environmental factors, the area of wetlands have picked up obviously. By 2011, the wetland area in Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province alone had reached 146,700 sq km, and the trend of wetland degradation had generally been contained. By 2014, the wetland area in Qinghai had reached 81,400 sq km. In recent years, as China has intensified efforts in conservation, further improvement has been witnessed in the local wetland ecosystem.
生物多樣性保護成效顯著
青藏高原是全球生物多樣性最豐富的地區(qū)之一，羌塘－三江源、岷山－橫斷山北段、喜馬拉雅東南部和橫斷山南段等區(qū)域是我國生物多樣性保護優(yōu)先區(qū)域。高原特有種子植物3760余種，特有脊椎動物280余種，珍稀瀕危高等植物300余種，珍稀瀕危動物120余種。已建立的自然保護區(qū)，有效保護了青藏高原特有與珍稀瀕危的動植物及其生存環(huán)境。
Significant achievements have been made in biodiversity protection.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the richest biodiversity in the world. The Qiangtang-Sanjiangyuan area, the area extending from the Minshan Mountain to the northern range of Hengduan Mountains, the area southeast of the Himalayas, and the southern range of Hengduan Mountains are key biodiversity conservation zones in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has about 3,760 distinctive spermatophyte species, 280 distinctive vertebrate species, 300 rare and endangered species of higher plants, and 120 species of rare and endangered animals. The nature reserves established have effectively protected the rare and endangered wildlife unique to the Plateau as well as their habitats.
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