[2]“A legal transfer of ownership but not possession of property from a debtor to a creditor. The transfer becomes void upon payment of the debt for which the property has been put up for security. Thus，certain property is conditionally transferred when a debt is incurred, but ownerehip is regained upon completion of all obligations. ” Cf. John p. Wiedemer, Real Estate Finance, 3rd edition, Reston Publishing, Reston, Va. (1980).

[3]“A deposition of personal property, or of document ( such as stock certificates) representing intangible property, with a lender or other person as a security for a loan or other obligation. ”Cf. James E. Clapp, Random, House Webster's Dictionary of the Law, at p. 331 , Random House, New York (2000).

[4]“A charge or encumbrance upon property for the satisfaction of a debt or other duty that is created by agreement of the parties or esp. by operation of law. ”Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.，Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law, at p. 294, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).

[5] "Generally, there is no physical transfer of the pledged property to the lender, nor is the lender given title to the property； though he has the right to sell the pledged property upon default. ”Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6th edition, at p. 510 (1991 ).