1. 當今世界，環(huán)境保護已成為各國政府和各界人士共同關心的問題。過去10年，海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生態(tài)惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列問題已經(jīng)嚴重影響到人類的生存環(huán)境和身體健康。（節(jié)選自《中口》第251頁）

模板句型1:Currently,environmental protection has become the common issue that concerns the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life. During the past decade, sea level has risen and forests have been destroyed at an unprecedented rate. A series of problems, namely, the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and desertification have posed a serious threat to people's environment for survival as well as to their physical health.

模板句型2:Currently,environmental protection has become the common concern of the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life. The past decade has witnessed/seen the unprecedented rise of sea level and deterioration of forests. The ecosystem has deteriorated, species have become extinct, the ozone layer has been damaged, there have been other problems such as greenhouse effect, acid rain and desertification, all of which have posed a serious threat to people's environment for survival as well as to their physical health.

模板句型精析：“問題”類的文章，一開始的導入句往往會強調(diào)問題的嚴重性。因此，對于“成為……共同關心的問題”，除了按模板句型1那樣，用常規(guī)的定語從句進行翻譯以外，還不妨如模板句型2那樣，直接用the concern of..引出。因為在英語里，concern作名詞時有“關心的問題”之意，言簡意賅。句子的第二個意群是“多主句”，模板句型1進行了直譯，需注意，表達“前所未有的”的形容詞unprecedented 并沒有對應的副詞。因此在這里可用“at a(n)+adj.+rate”來表達，即將形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語作狀語。而按模板句型2處理時，可采用“時間（點/段)+witness/see+adj.+n.”的句型進行處理，做到簡而不失雅。最后一個意群是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，可如模板句型1那樣，用常用結(jié)構(gòu)性語言a series of.. namely,...+v.對并列部分進行列示，但其局限性在于主語過長，如果當中的專業(yè)術語卡殼，最后可能就來不及翻譯動詞，造出“不成句”的譯文。因此，考生可參考模板句型2，將原來的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞并搶先構(gòu)架句子結(jié)構(gòu)，最后用which引導定語從句，相對而言這種處理方法更具實用性，這也是翻譯長句時常用的“分句法”。除此以外，考生還需熟練掌握與問題嚴重性有關的單詞或詞組，如“滅絕”、“破壞”、“惡化”、“嚴重影響”等。

2. 據(jù)預測，未來25年全球人口將由60億增長到80億，環(huán)境保護面臨更大的壓力，解決環(huán)境與發(fā)展的問題面臨著重重困難。（節(jié)選自《中口》第251頁）

模板句型1:It is estimated that with the global population expected to increase from 6 billion to 8 billion over the next 25 years, environmental protection faces/confronts bigger pressure, and many problems remain to be resolved in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

模板句型2:According to estimation,the next 25 years will see/witness the increase of the global population from 6 billion to 8 billion, environmental protection faces/confronts bigger pressure, so does the solution of problems between environment and development.

模板句型3:According to estimation,the world will see/witness the increase of its population from 6 billion to 8 billion over the next 25 years, environmental protection faces/confronts bigger pressure, so does the solution of problems between environment and development.

模板句型精析：該模塊句子的特點首先體現(xiàn)在“據(jù)預測”上，這是引導研究結(jié)論類文字常用的導入詞，因此考生可以如模板句型1一樣，用it is estimated that...這樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，也可如模板句型2和模板句型3一樣，用according to estimation引入。類似的導入語還有“據(jù)分析”、“據(jù)報道”等，考生都可依樣進行變換。而對于預測的內(nèi)容，即人口的增長問題，可如模板句型1一樣，通過使用介詞with和過去分詞expected 這樣的枝形結(jié)構(gòu)，和后面的句子合為一句，這是合句法的運用；也可如模板句型2或模板句型3，抓住時間和地點這個切入點，運用模板句型“時間/地點+see/witness+變化趨勢”。需要指出的是，句中的時間不同，動詞也應采用不同的時態(tài)。而最后的意群則是強調(diào)問題，往往有導入詞“面臨”，常用高頻詞有face和confront。confront在軍事中還有“對抗”的意思，考生需“因地制宜”。句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個“面臨”，因此在實際翻譯中，建議考生參考模板句型2和模板句型3的用法，對后面一個“面臨”通過“so+助動詞+主語”這樣的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)進行簡化，這是減詞法運用的高級境界。

3. 從國情出發(fā)，中國在全面推進現(xiàn)代化的過程中，將環(huán)境保護視為一項基本國策，將實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項重要戰(zhàn)略，同時在全國范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護活動。（節(jié)選自《中口》第251頁）

模板句型1:Proceeding from our national condition,China,in the process of modernization, regards environmental protection as a basic state policy, and realizing sustainable economic development as an important strategy. In the meantime, China has launched a nationwide campaign for the prevention and treatment of pollution as well as the protection of ecological environment.

模板句型2:Based on our national condition,China,in the process of modernization,regards environmental protection as a basic state policy, and realizing sustainable economic development as an important strategy. In the meantime, China has prevented and treated pollution as well as protected ecological environment in a nationwide drive.

模板句型精析：這個模塊句子可以一題雙解。首先，開頭詞“從……出發(fā)”是一個比較典型的導入方式，學生可如模板句型1一樣，用proceeding from開頭，也可如模板句型2一樣，采用“繞譯法”，繞譯為based on(以……為基礎)。接下來看第一個意群，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，核心結(jié)構(gòu)是“將……視為……”,出現(xiàn)了兩次。因此，考生可按照減詞法“介詞拖后”的原則，譯為regard.….as.…,and.….as.…。最后一個意群的核心結(jié)構(gòu)是“開展……的工作/活動”，這是典型的引導解決措施的結(jié)構(gòu)，其正式譯法為launch a(adj.）campaign for/against,見模板句型1;但在口譯中，也不妨省略“開展”,將其后面的名詞，如“污染防治”、“生態(tài)環(huán)境保護”直接轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞，請注意模板句型2中的粗斜體字部分；而對于“在全國范圍內(nèi)”，則可用in a(n)+adj.+drive的結(jié)構(gòu)將其轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語作狀語。這種轉(zhuǎn)性法的活用考生需在平時苦練，方能在考場上游刃有余。