利用未劃線部分尋找線索和啟發(fā)

有時(shí)候僅就選項(xiàng)部分而言,會(huì)有幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)在表達(dá)上和句意上都是無可挑剔的。在此種情況下,再進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)比較已毫無意義,而應(yīng)該把目光放寬一些,到未劃線部分中去尋找一些線索。比如劃線部分與未劃線部分在人稱上是否一致,在主謂單復(fù)數(shù)上是否一致等等。比如2017上的57題：

We’re headed downtown on Saturday to see what’s being shown in the main art galleries. I’m told that Anne is very interested in modern art, so I hope she have joined our group.

A. will join

B. would join

C. will have joined

D. would have joined

【解析】本題中劃線部分用的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示“已經(jīng)加入”。但從第一句的意思we are headed...to see...來看，意思是我們計(jì)劃周六去觀賞現(xiàn)代美術(shù)展覽，因此很容易判斷出劃線部分時(shí)態(tài)不正確，故選A。

檢查常見的語法及搭配是否正確

檢查主謂是否一致，代詞是否一致，形容詞、副詞使用是否混淆，時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)是否正確，復(fù)合句中主句和從句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，否定詞用在句首時(shí)句子是否倒裝，出現(xiàn)表示比較的詞時(shí)，比較結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，作狀語的是短語還是從句，狀語從句中的連詞使用是否正確，非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的邏輯主語與句子主語是否一致，介詞的使用是否正確，定語從句的先行詞是哪一個(gè)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是否正確，是否獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。茲舉例如下：

1、The project which will cost 34 million yuan designs to build more than 100 homes, restaurants and retail shops around the city. （2016下46題，考點(diǎn)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

A. is designed

B. is designing

C. will be designed

D. will design

【解析】在做本題時(shí)首先找出句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)the project designs to build more than...。劃線部分是句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞，但由于句子的主語是project，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式is designed（被設(shè)計(jì)成）而不是主動(dòng)式。本題的考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)是否正確。

2、Because excessively hunting has depleted many wildlife species, preservation zones for wild animals are being established in some provinces. （2016下48題，考點(diǎn)是形容詞與副詞的用法區(qū)別）

A. excessive hunting

B. excessively being hunting

C. to excessively hunting

D. to have hunted excessively

【解析】這道題一眼就能看出，劃線部分在原因狀語從句中作主語，名詞hunting前面的定語卻是副詞excessively, 這明顯是名詞的修飾語使用不當(dāng)，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇A，用形容詞來修飾名詞。

3、The community is launching a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around apartments, many residents complain that they cannot sleep at night.（2016下50題，考點(diǎn)是連詞的用法區(qū)別）

A. lest many residents complain 

B. though many residents complain

C. because many residents complain 

D. as many residents complain

【解析】考生在讀完這句話后，很容易從語義上判斷出前面的分句給出結(jié)果，后面的分句是在說明造成結(jié)果的原因，因此劃線部分缺少一個(gè)表示原因的連詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句指的是自然、直接的原因，與主句之間表示必然的因果關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)的從句多放在句末，故選C。本題不僅涉及語義上的邏輯關(guān)系，更主要的是能區(qū)分不同連詞在引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。

4、Although we know a lot about his life, the reason for his death has remained a mystery, the most extreme possibility is murder. （2016上53題，考點(diǎn)是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）

A.being murder the most extreme possibility

B.with the most extreme possibility murder

C.being the most extreme possibility murder

D.with murder the most extreme possibility

【解析】本題中有三個(gè)分句，從語義上來看，頭兩個(gè)分句已經(jīng)形成讓步與轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以主從復(fù)合句的形式完整地表達(dá)了主要意思。第三個(gè)分句只是對可能的原因進(jìn)行一個(gè)猜測，無論是從形式上還是從意義上都處于附屬地位，因此它就不能像第二個(gè)分句一樣以完整的句子形式出現(xiàn)，故選D，以with+獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式來補(bǔ)充信息。

動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配是否得當(dāng)，形容詞與介詞的搭配是否得當(dāng)

如2016上的45 題：

Irrespective on its disadvantages, however, genetic engineering has proliferated swiftly.

A. with

B. to

C. of

D. from

【解析】本題中劃線部分的irrespective 是形容詞，意思為“不顧、無論，與……無關(guān)”，經(jīng)常與介詞of 搭配使用，故選C。

再如2018上的50 題

An “epigram” is usually defined to be bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.

A. defined as

B. defined being

C. defined to being

D. defined for being

【解析】本句是對epigram一詞下定義，劃線部分中define意思為“（給詞、短語等）下定義，構(gòu)成釋義”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面通常需要跟上介詞as，且常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選A。