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前綴pre-與前面學(xué)過的post-是一對(duì)相反的詞綴,它來自拉丁介副詞prae ,原意為before, beforehand或in front,即表示時(shí)間或空間上的“前”。pre-原是個(gè)有副詞含義的原生詞,出現(xiàn)于拉丁語源的原生詞中。但自15世紀(jì)以來,它成為一個(gè)活性的派生詞綴,能與許多單詞綴合,起介詞性或修辭性的作用。當(dāng)介詞性的pre-與名詞綴合時(shí),可能改變詞基單詞的詞性。當(dāng)派生前綴pre-出現(xiàn)在以e開頭的單詞或大寫字母時(shí),要加連字符。此外,應(yīng)注意原生前綴pre-中的e讀短音/i/,而派生前綴pre- 中的e念長音/i:/。
為便于埋解,這里先介紹派生前綴pre-與單詞綴合的例子。
prehistory [ pre- = before 前;history n. 歷史→] n. history before recorded history (歷史記載前的)史前史 / A team of archaeologists has discovered traces of a lost people of prehistory. 一隊(duì)考古學(xué)者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)不為人所知的史前民族的遺跡。
prehistoric a. (有記載的)歷史以前的;史前的
pre-election [pre- = before 在…前;election n. 選舉→]a. happened or said before election選舉前發(fā)生的;選舉前說的/ He has completely forgotten his pre-election promises. 他已將選舉前的許諾忘得一干二凈。
premature [pre- = beforehand, early 事先,過早;mature a. 成熟的→]a . mature too early; before the proper time 早熟的;過早的 / A premature baby is one born more than two weeks early. 早產(chǎn)嬰兒指提早兩周以上出生的小孩。
prematurity n. 早熟,不成熟;過早,不到時(shí)
prejudge [ pre- = beforehand 事先;judge v. 判斷→]v. judge beforehand, especially without knowing all the facts 過早判斷 / The jury should keep an open mind during the trial and not prejudge the case. 陪審團(tuán)在審理過程中應(yīng)虛懷若谷,不可過早斷案。
prejudgement n. 過早判斷;不審而判
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