- 簽證留學 |
- 筆譯 |
- 口譯
- 求職 |
- 日/韓語 |
- 德語
中國古代有見識的政治家都把人才選舉與任用作為治理國家的根本。歷代統(tǒng)治者為了維持權(quán)利,都希望得到最好的人才,所以建立了一套選官與任用制度。中國古代科舉制度產(chǎn)生于隋,完備于唐,到了明清,科舉制度已經(jīng)相當完善??瓶挤譃樗募?,第一級科試,清代稱應試的童子為童生,及第者為秀才。第二級鄉(xiāng)試,在各省會考,及第者為舉人,第一名稱“解元”。第三級會試,在京師禮部試,及第者稱貢士,第一名稱“會元”。第四級殿試,由天子主持。清初在北京天安門保和殿進行,及第者稱進士。其中第一名 稱“狀元”,第二名 “ 榜眼”(可有若干名,也叫“賜進士出身”),第三名“探花”,也稱“賜進士及第”(若有多名,可叫“賜同進士出身”)。 一、二、三甲都泛稱進士,中了進士,封建科舉功名就到了頭。弄清這些常識之后,翻譯或解釋就不難了。
1. 金榜題名(succeeding in the imperial examinations)
科舉(科甲)imperial examinations
科第 grading the candidates in the imperial examinations
甲第 ranking in the imperial examinations
及第 successful in the imperial examinations
中第 passing the imperial examinations
狀元 champion (in an imperial examination) ; No. 1 scholar;the lst-place winner in the imperial examinations
榜眼 runner-up ( in an imperial examination) ; No. 2 scholar;the 2nd-place winner in the imperial examinations
探花 second runner-up(in an imperial examination);No. 3 scholar; the 3rd-place winner in the imperial examinations
進士 imperial scholar; top-three winners in the imperial examinations
翰林 Hanlin scholar, member of Hanlin, the imperial academy
會元 the laurel winner of a national civil-examination
解元 the laurel winner of a provincial examination
舉人 first-degree scholar ( provincial certified scholar) : winner in the imperial examinations
貢士 second-degree scholar
秀才 certified student;a scholar who passed the imperial examinations at county level