三者均有“流放”或“放逐”的含義，均為刑法上的一種刑罰。其區(qū)別在于transportation是英國舊時的一種刑罰，其所指的流放是罪犯不僅要被迫離開國家，而且是要被流放出境到一個具體指定的地方，多如美洲或澳大利亞的流放地（penal colony)等[1]。而banishment和exile則僅是將罪犯強制從其祖國或其長期居住地區(qū)驅(qū)逐到國外或國內(nèi)某一邊遠地區(qū)而非具體之地點，其也是古時的刑罰，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)幾乎不再適用，兩者意思幾乎相當[2]。以上三個術語用于國民，而deportation (驅(qū)逐出境） 則是指將違法犯罪而不受歡迎的“外國人”（alien)而非國民驅(qū)逐出境[3]。

[1] "Transportation is usually distinguished from banishment or exile in that the criminal ported to a specific place. " Cf. James E. Clapp, Random House Webster's Dictionary of the Law, at p. 433, Random House, Yew York (2000).

[2]“Exile: Expulsion from a country, esp. from the country of one's origin or longtime residence； banishment. ”Cf. Bryan A. Garner, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 595，West Group (1999).

[3]“The removal under Immigration Act of a person from any place in Canada to the place whence he came to Canada or to the country of his nationality or citizenship or to the country of his birth or to such country as may be approved by the Minister under this Act, ”Cf. Daphne A. Dukelow, B. Sc. , LL. B.，LL. M. , The Dictionary of Canadian Law, at p. 272, Thomson Canada Ltd. (1991).

責任編輯：admin