三個(gè)單詞經(jīng)常在國(guó)際民事訴訟法中指對(duì)訴訟管轄或處理的一種能力。Jurisdiction多指法院廣義的受理及審判案件的能力， 決定法院或準(zhǔn)司法機(jī)構(gòu)，如行政法庭審判案件的范疇，如法院的“受案范圍”便為 subject-matter jurisdiction; 故 jurisdiction 應(yīng)譯為“司法管轄權(quán)”或“審判管轄權(quán)”[1]。power具有特定授權(quán)及privilege的含義[2] , 常指特定類型的法院處理特種類型的案件的能力，如法國(guó)的商事法庭便沒有權(quán)力（power)處理婚姻訴訟，其上訴法院也無(wú)power受理一審案件。competence有時(shí)也指法院對(duì)案件的管轄權(quán)，如：The case falls within the competence of the court. [3] 此時(shí)其多指在地域觀念上的一種權(quán)限或權(quán)力，如域內(nèi)管轄權(quán)、屬地管轄權(quán)、內(nèi)國(guó)地域管轄權(quán)等。此外，在區(qū)分屬于國(guó)家權(quán)力的管轄權(quán)和屬于法院權(quán)力的管轄權(quán)時(shí)，jurisdiction多指國(guó)家對(duì)審判事務(wù)的權(quán)力，而competence則多指法院對(duì)審判事務(wù)的權(quán)力。

[1]“ Jurisdiction determines which court system should properly adjudicate a case.

Questions of jurisdiction also arise regarding quasi-judicial bodies ( as administrative agencies) in their decision-making capacities. ”Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.，Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law, at p. 271, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).

[2]“A right or privilege.” Cf. Daphne Dukelow, The Dictionary of Canadian Law, at p. 794, Thomson professional Publishing Canada (1991.).

[3] Cf. P. H. Collin, Dictionary of Law, 2nd edition, at p. 110, Peter Collin Publishing Ltd. (1993 ).