以上術(shù)語均是指法庭上當(dāng)事人對(duì)證人的詰問。一般說來, 當(dāng)事雙方在法庭上對(duì)宣誓證人的“詰問”（examination) [1]共有四次，雙方各有兩次機(jī)會(huì)。按規(guī)定是由提供證人的當(dāng)事人或其代理人對(duì)代表己方證人首先詰問，此即為direct examination，譯為“直詰”，也被稱為“主詰” （examination-in-chief) [2]。直詰的目的在于通過己方證人的證言使自己獲得最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)[3] 。通常，重大問題是不準(zhǔn)在直接詢問中提出，除非證人被證實(shí)不友善。在此之后，為他方當(dāng)事人或其代理人對(duì)該證人的詢問， 即cross examination譯為“盤詰”，盤詰的內(nèi)容范疇一般在直詰內(nèi)容范疇之內(nèi)或有關(guān)證人的信譽(yù)事項(xiàng)，但法院也可自由裁量批準(zhǔn)就重大問題向證人進(jìn)行詰問[4]。此后又是提供證人的當(dāng)事人或其代理人對(duì)己方證人的詰問，此第二次詰問即redirect examination, 譯為“再次直詰”[5]。在此之后，是對(duì)方當(dāng)事人或其代理人再次對(duì)該證人的詰問的機(jī)會(huì)，此次詰問為recross examination，譯為“再次盤詰”[6]。在非正式情況，“直詰”、“盤詰”、“再直詰”以及“再盤詰”均可省略其中的examination而簡稱為 direct、cross、redirect 以及 recross[7] 。
[1] "Examination；the questioning of a witness under oath. ”Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 581，West Group (1999).
[2]“The first questioning of a witness in a trial or other proceeding, conducted by the party who called the witness to testify. " Id. at p. 472.
[3] Cf. Renstrom, p. G.，The American Law Dictionary, at p. 156, ABC-Clio (1998).
[4]“ In accordance with Rule 611 of the Federal Rules of Evidence，cross examination should only refer to matters that were covered during direct examination or that are relevant to the witness's credibility." Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.，Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law, at p. 116, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).
[5]“ Examination of a witness again after cross examination. ” Id. at p. 413.
[6]“A second cross-examination, after redirect examination. ”Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1281，West Group (1999).
[7]“Informally, these stages are called direct, cross, redirect, and recross, without the word examination. " Cf. James E. Clapp, Random House Webster's Dictionary of the Law, at p. 168，Random House (2000).
上一篇：Crown court 和 Magistrate's court法律術(shù)語分析及英語解釋
下一篇：Crime，Offense和Offence法律術(shù)語分析及英語解釋
微信公眾號(hào)搜索“譯員”關(guān)注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語學(xué)習(xí)及翻譯招聘信息。