Admissibility, Relevance, Weight 和 Sufficiency
2017-08-05 22:05:45 etogether.net 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 次
證據(jù)的 admissibility (可采性）、relevance (相關(guān)性）、weight (說服性）以及sufficiency (充分性）均是有關(guān)證據(jù)規(guī)則（rules of evidence）,
指適用于庭審時證據(jù)提交的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）相關(guān)的一些法律原則問題。admissibility指能否被允許接受作為聽證會、審判或其他程序之證據(jù)的特性或狀況
（the quality or state allowed to be entered into evidence in a hearing, trial, or other proceeding[1]）。 relevancy 主要指相關(guān)性質(zhì)
或狀況（the quality or state of being relevant[2]）。weight指證據(jù)說服力的一種比較（the persuasiveness of some evidence in comparison
with other evidence[3] )。sufficiency 則指證據(jù)的充足性（whether enough evidence exists to justify the fact[4]) 。
在英美法的證據(jù)規(guī)則中，admissibility處于核心地位，確定一個證據(jù)是否應(yīng)予采用，主要依據(jù)其實質(zhì)性（materiality)、證明性（probativeness)和有
效性（competency)而定。而實質(zhì)性和證明性合在一起則構(gòu)成證據(jù)的相關(guān)性。美國證據(jù)法在證據(jù)價值的評斷和運(yùn)用證據(jù)證明案件事實上賦予法官和陪審員
極大的自由裁量權(quán)，因此美國的證明制度屬于自由證明（free proof)范疇，而不屬于規(guī)制證明或法定證明（regulated proof)范疇。
[1] Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 48, West Group (1999).
[2] Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.，Meniam Webster’s Dictionary of Law y at p. 418, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Sprin^ield, Massachusetts (1996).
[3] Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1588，West Group (1999).
[4] Id, at p. 1447.
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