兩者均有口供書的含義。其區(qū)別在于affidavit ( “宣誓證明書”)是一種宣誓文件,為不經(jīng)盤問而自愿所作的口供的筆錄, 當證人無法親自出庭時,affidavit可被法庭作為證言接受[1]。 deposition ( “證明筆錄”)則是宣誓后在正式質(zhì)詢下所作口頭證明的筆錄,是接受詰問的一種產(chǎn)物[2]。在法律程序中,按規(guī)定, 向法庭提供deposition的當事人必須向另一方當事人通知,并給予另一方當事人對證人進行盤詰(cross-examination)的機會; 相比之下,affidavit則無如此之規(guī)定。
[1 ] "A written or printed declaration or statement of facts,made voluntarily, and confirmed by the oath or affirmation of the party making it,taking before a person having authority to administer such oath or affirmation. ” Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6 th edition, at p. 36,West Publishing Co. (1991).
[2 ] “A statement that is made under oath by a party or witness (as an expert) in response to oral examination or written questions and that is recorded by an authorized officer. ” Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.,Merriam Websters Dictionary of Law, at p. 134,Merriam- Webster, Incorporated (1996).
[3 ] “ Depositions are distinguished from affidavits by the requirement that notice and an opportunity to cross-examine the deponent must be given to the other party. * Id. at p. 134
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