該術(shù)語(yǔ)（也稱(chēng)為recording statutes)是指有關(guān)財(cái)產(chǎn)，尤指不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)益的登記，由此而確立決定某人對(duì)該財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利主張的次序先后標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法規(guī)，其應(yīng)為“不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記法” [1]。此種立法的目 的主要是保護(hù)善意買(mǎi)主對(duì)抗先前未登記的權(quán)益主張。在美國(guó)，此種法規(guī)主要分為三種，即: notice statute、race statute以及 race-notice statute。它們的區(qū)別在于：notice statute為“不知情購(gòu)買(mǎi)人優(yōu)先法”，指一種財(cái)產(chǎn)購(gòu)置登記法規(guī)，規(guī)定凡購(gòu)置之權(quán)益， 尤指不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)益，以最近購(gòu)買(mǎi)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益且不知道原先有人曾購(gòu)置過(guò)此財(cái)產(chǎn)但未登記者具有對(duì)抗他人的優(yōu)先權(quán)的法規(guī)，也稱(chēng)為 notice act 或 notice recording statute，在美國(guó)，約有一半的州實(shí)施該種法規(guī)[2]。race statute則為“登記順序優(yōu)先法”，指規(guī)定以登記先后決定優(yōu)先順序的法規(guī)，而不管登記時(shí)當(dāng)事人是否知悉先前有人曾購(gòu)置過(guò)同一財(cái)產(chǎn)，這種法規(guī)類(lèi)似我國(guó)的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記法規(guī)，在美國(guó)也適用于適用大陸法的Louisiana州等，也被稱(chēng)為 raceact[3]。race-notice statute為“不知情登記優(yōu)先法”，指不動(dòng)產(chǎn)購(gòu)置登記相關(guān)的法規(guī)，規(guī)定凡在不知道不動(dòng)產(chǎn)已經(jīng)被購(gòu)置但卻未登記的情況下購(gòu)置不動(dòng)產(chǎn)且登記者具有對(duì)抗原先購(gòu)置者的優(yōu)先權(quán)，但預(yù)先知悉真情者除外，也稱(chēng)為notice race statute [4]。
[1] " A law that establishes the requirements for recording a deed or other property interest and the standards for determining priorities between persons claiming interests in the same property (usu. real property). ”Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1279, West Group (1999).
[2] “An unrecorded conveyance or other instrument is invalid as against a subsequent bona fide purchaser (creditor or mortgagee if the statute so provided) for value and without notice. Under this type of statute the subsequent bona fide purchaser prevails over the prior interest whether the subsequent purchaser records or not.” Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6th edition, at p. 734, West Publishing Co. (1991).
[3] “A recording act providing that the person who records firet, regardless of notice, has priority. Only Louisiana and North Carolina have race statutes. ”
[4] “In some jurisdiction, in recording of documents of title to real estate, the first grantee or mortgagee to record in the chain of title without actual notice of a prior unrecorded deed or mortgage prevails. ”Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6th edition, at p. 734, West Publishing Co. (1991 ).
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